{ "meta": { "title": "D-Central — ASIC Fan Specification & Wiring Reference", "description": "Fan reference for 9 Bitcoin ASIC miner models/families: fans per unit, fan form factor, supply voltage, the 4-pin PWM connector, measured RPM behaviour, minimum-fan/fault floor and the linked fan-speed / fan-missing error class — plus the shared chassis fan-header electrical reference.", "generated": "2026-06-22T19:47:56+00:00", "version": "1.0", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "source": "https://d-central.tech/asic-fan-specification-reference/", "record_count": 9, "provenance": "D-Central Mining Bible: HASHBOARD_DIAGNOSTICS, ANTMINER_ARCHITECTURE, MASTER_FAN_CURVES, FPGA_REGISTER_MAP and per-model live probes. Accuracy over coverage — any RPM/CFM/size the Bible does not specify is flagged \"unverified\". Each row cites its Bible source; last_verified per row.", "disclaimer": "A reference, not a procurement spec. Fan size, RPM and CFM vary by board revision and replacement part — always verify the actual fan and pin keying against your specific unit before wiring. Never power a hash board without airflow; never hot-plug a fan or signal cable while power is applied." }, "rows": [ { "id": "antminer-s9", "model_family": "Antminer S9 / S9i / S9j", "chips": "BM1387", "fan_count": "2 (dual)", "fan_size": "120 mm class (12038 form factor) — per-model thickness not separately verified in the Bible", "voltage": "12 V DC", "connector": "4-pin (GND / +12V / tach / PWM)", "rpm": "Bench-measured 1,920–2,220 RPM at the ~10% PWM quiet floor; ramps to full under load (controller FULL_SPEED = 100%). ~120 RPM per tach counter unit.", "rpm_floor": "Stock firmware requires 2 working fans to start", "airflow_cfm": "Not specified in the Bible — unverified", "error_class": "fan-speed / fan-missing", "error_pages": [ { "label": "Antminer S9 — Fan Speed Error", "url": "/antminer-s9-fan-speed-error/" } ], "notes": "The S9 control board (Zynq FPGA) exposes only two fan-tach registers — the upper two always read zero because the S9 has two fans. Speed is read back via the FPGA fan_rps registers (×60 → RPM).", "source": "FPGA_REGISTER_MAP.md (FAN_RPS registers); HASHBOARD_DIAGNOSTICS.md §11.4–11.5; S9 home-bench live capture (2026-05)", "last_verified": "2026-06" }, { "id": "antminer-s17", "model_family": "Antminer S17 / S17 Pro / S17+ / T17 / T17+", "chips": "BM1397 (S17/T17 generation)", "fan_count": "4", "fan_size": "120 mm class (12038 form factor) — per-model thickness not separately verified in the Bible", "voltage": "12 V DC", "connector": "4-pin (GND / +12V / tach / PWM)", "rpm": "Bench-measured 2,760–3,600 RPM across the four fans (≈28% PWM, ~447 W/board)", "rpm_floor": "Not separately specified — unverified", "airflow_cfm": "Not specified in the Bible — unverified", "error_class": "fan-speed / fan-missing", "error_pages": [ { "label": "Antminer S17 — Fan Speed Error", "url": "/antminer-s17-fan-speed-error/" } ], "notes": "Four independent fan-tach channels (vs two on the S9). The control board drives all four through the FPGA PWM block; live probes show fan_num = 4.", "source": "S17_VNISH_FIRMWARE_RE_ANALYSIS.md; S17_VNISH_LIVE_PROBE.md (fan_num: 4); HASHBOARD_DIAGNOSTICS.md §11.4", "last_verified": "2026-06" }, { "id": "antminer-s19", "model_family": "Antminer S19 / S19 Pro / S19j / S19j Pro / S19 XP / S19k Pro / T19", "chips": "BM1362 / BM1366 / BM1396 (S19 generation)", "fan_count": "4 (two PWM channels: front pair + rear pair)", "fan_size": "120 mm class (12038 form factor) — per-model thickness not separately verified in the Bible; stock units use 120 mm or 140 mm fans", "voltage": "12 V DC", "connector": "4-pin (GND / +12V / tach / PWM)", "rpm": "Bench-measured ~3,810–3,840 RPM in stock auto mode; ~2,160–2,700 RPM at 60% PWM; ~4,140–4,260 RPM at 45% PWM; split-duty operation runs the front pair ~1,500 RPM and the rear pair ~5,800 RPM. Amlogic-platform units boot both groups to 100% PWM (~6,500 RPM blast) during init.", "rpm_floor": "Common third-party firmware enforces a ~2,000 RPM minimum-fan floor; a fan reading <500 RPM when >2,000 is expected trips the fan-failure alarm", "airflow_cfm": "Not specified in the Bible — unverified", "error_class": "fan-speed / fan-missing", "error_pages": [ { "label": "Antminer S19 — Fan Speed Error", "url": "/antminer-s19-fan-speed-error/" }, { "label": "Antminer T19 — Fan Speed Error", "url": "/antminer-t19-fan-speed-error/" } ], "notes": "The S19 generation drives four fans on two PWM channels — the front and rear pairs can run at different duties. Control boards expose a front/rear split (single-channel vs dual-channel board mode); both must be enabled to control all four fans quietly.", "source": "MASTER_FAN_CURVES.md §2.5; S19_BRAIINSOS_DEEP_PROBE; AM2-FAN-CONTROL-CROSS-FIRMWARE.md; HASHBOARD_DIAGNOSTICS.md §11.4", "last_verified": "2026-06" }, { "id": "antminer-s21", "model_family": "Antminer S21 / S21 Pro / S21 XP / S21+ / T21", "chips": "BM1370 / BM1366 (S21 generation)", "fan_count": "4 (air-cooled; two PWM channels)", "fan_size": "120 mm class (12038 form factor) — per-model thickness not separately verified in the Bible", "voltage": "12 V DC", "connector": "4-pin (GND / +12V / tach / PWM)", "rpm": "Amlogic-platform units boot both fan groups to 100% PWM; deep-probe captures show 100% duty on the front and rear groups during init before the controller ramps down to target temperature. Steady-state RPM not separately tabulated — unverified.", "rpm_floor": "Minimum-fan count is configurable (lab/immersion probes seen with min_fans = 0)", "airflow_cfm": "Not specified in the Bible — unverified", "error_class": "fan-speed / fan-missing", "error_pages": [ { "label": "Antminer S21 — Fan Speed Error", "url": "/antminer-s21-fan-speed-error/" }, { "label": "Antminer T21 — Fan Speed Error", "url": "/antminer-t21-fan-speed-error/" } ], "notes": "Safety-critical: on the S21 XP, continuous bench pattern-testing with NO fan causes chip burnout — never power a hash board without airflow. The S21 control board is the Amlogic AXG platform (SoC PWM channels 0/1).", "source": "MASTER_FAN_CURVES.md §2.5/§3; S21_BRAIINSOS_DEEP_PROBE.md; HASHBOARD_DIAGNOSTICS.md §11.5", "last_verified": "2026-06" }, { "id": "antminer-s23", "model_family": "Antminer S23 (2026)", "chips": "BM1373", "fan_count": "4 (air-cooled)", "fan_size": "Not separately specified in the Bible — unverified", "voltage": "Not separately specified for the S23 — unverified (the Antminer chassis-fan standard is 12 V, 4-pin)", "connector": "Standard 4-pin assumed — not separately verified for the S23", "rpm": "Not specified in the Bible — unverified", "airflow_cfm": "Not specified in the Bible — unverified", "error_class": "fan-speed / fan-missing", "error_pages": [], "notes": "S23: 318 TH/s, 3,498 W, ~11.0 J/TH, air-cooled with 4 fans, January 2026. Fan electrical/RPM specifics are not yet documented in the Bible — included for completeness and flagged as unverified.", "source": "BM1373_S23_RESEARCH.md", "last_verified": "2026-06" }, { "id": "antminer-l3-l7", "model_family": "Antminer L3+ / L7 (Scrypt)", "chips": "BM1485 (L3+) / BM1489 (L7)", "fan_count": "Multi-fan — exact count per model not separately specified in the Bible (unverified)", "fan_size": "120 mm class — per-model not separately verified in the Bible", "voltage": "12 V DC", "connector": "4-pin (GND / +12V / tach / PWM)", "rpm": "Not directly tabulated. The L3+ control board (BeagleBone-class) drives fan PWM at 10 kHz with a 50% boot duty.", "rpm_floor": "L7 firmware carries a configurable max-RPM sanity bound used as the fan-failure threshold", "airflow_cfm": "Not specified in the Bible — unverified", "error_class": "fan-speed / fan-missing", "error_pages": [ { "label": "Antminer L7 — Fan Speed Error", "url": "/antminer-l7-fan-speed-error/" } ], "notes": "The L3+ uses a 10 kHz fan-PWM carrier (vs 25 kHz on some others), fixed by the control-board peripheral — replicate the frequency or the fans stall. L7 fan control is fully firmware-managed.", "source": "MASTER_FAN_CURVES.md §2.3, §2.4", "last_verified": "2026-06" }, { "id": "whatsminer-m-series", "model_family": "WhatsMiner M30S / M50S / M60S (BT1000-class control board)", "chips": "MicroBT K-series", "fan_count": "2 (dual)", "fan_size": "Not specified in the Bible — unverified", "voltage": "Not separately specified in the Bible — unverified", "connector": "4-pin PWM (SoC-driven fan path)", "rpm": "Firmware fan curve interpolates 0% PWM → ~30 RPM (idle), 10% → ~600 RPM, 100% → ~5,000 RPM (BT1000-class) or ~5,800 RPM (H6-class control board). Over-temp kill at 105 °C (BT1000) / 100 °C (H6).", "rpm_floor": "Fan speed is coupled to chip frequency via a configured scaling factor", "airflow_cfm": "Not specified in the Bible — unverified", "error_class": "fan-speed / fan-missing", "error_pages": [ { "label": "Whatsminer M30S — Fan Speed Error", "url": "/whatsminer-m30s-fan-speed-error/" }, { "label": "Whatsminer M50S — Fan Speed Error", "url": "/whatsminer-m50s-fan-speed-error/" }, { "label": "Whatsminer M60S — Fan Speed Error", "url": "/whatsminer-m60s-fan-speed-error/" } ], "notes": "WhatsMiner is the only platform that publishes explicit PWM→RPM nodes in plaintext config; the curve is linearly interpolated between the three nodes. Included as a cross-vendor reference.", "source": "MASTER_FAN_CURVES.md §2.15–§2.16", "last_verified": "2026-06" }, { "id": "innosilicon-t2tz", "model_family": "Innosilicon T2Tz", "chips": "Innosilicon SHA-256 (T2 family)", "fan_count": "2 (dual)", "fan_size": "12038 (120 × 120 × 38 mm) — explicitly documented for this model in the Bible", "voltage": "12 V (standard for the 12038 form factor) — not separately stated for this model", "connector": "4-pin (GND / +12V / tach / PWM)", "rpm": "Factory firmware ships fan-mode = manual at 100% fixed duty; auto mode targets 65 °C chip temp with critical shutoff at 90 °C. RPM range not separately specified — unverified.", "airflow_cfm": "Not specified in the Bible — unverified", "rpm_floor": "Auto mode targets 65 °C chip; critical chip temp 90 °C", "error_class": "fan-speed / fan-missing", "error_pages": [], "notes": "30 TH/s SHA-256 BTC miner, ~2,200 W, 3 hash boards, two 12038 fans (~2018–2020 era). This is the one model where the Bible names the exact fan size.", "source": "T2TZ_3_1_9_RE.md; MASTER_FAN_CURVES.md §2.14", "last_verified": "2026-06" }, { "id": "chassis-fan-header", "model_family": "Chassis fan header — electrical reference (all Antminer generations)", "chips": "—", "fan_count": "—", "fan_size": "—", "voltage": "+12 V DC (from the PSU OUT2 auxiliary rail)", "connector": "4-pin: pin 1 GND, pin 2 +12 V, pin 3 tach (open-collector RPM-sense pulse), pin 4 PWM (speed control). Repair fixtures accept KF2510 4/6-pin and Molex 5557 4-pin housings.", "rpm": "Tachometer pin returns RPM to the control board; PWM duty sets speed", "rpm_floor": "—", "airflow_cfm": "—", "error_class": "fan-speed / fan-missing", "error_pages": [ { "label": "ASIC Fan Error or Fan Noise — Troubleshooting", "url": "/fan-error/" } ], "notes": "Chassis fans are driven by the CONTROL BOARD, not the PSU. On Zynq control boards the FPGA generates fan PWM and reads the tachometer; on Amlogic boards the SoC PWM channels (0,1) do it. PSU-internal fans are governed by the PSU's own circuitry and are not exposed to the control board. The PWM carrier is typically 10 kHz (Amlogic / BeagleBone) but 1 kHz on some stock Cvitek boards — match the board. Never hot-plug a fan or signal cable while power is applied.", "source": "HASHBOARD_DIAGNOSTICS.md §11.4–11.5; ANTMINER_ARCHITECTURE.md; MASTER_FAN_CURVES.md §1", "last_verified": "2026-06" } ] }