{
    "meta": {
        "title": "ASIC Operating-Temperature & Thermal-Limits Reference",
        "description": "Machine-readable per-model thermal-limits reference for 22 Bitcoin ASIC miners: max chip/junction temperature, recommended intake-air range, thermal-throttle (de-rate) temperature, over-temp shutdown threshold and recommended ambient. The temperature-LIMIT companion to the heat-output datasets.",
        "generated": "2026-06-27T17:37:06+00:00",
        "version": "1.0",
        "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "source": "https://d-central.tech/asic-operating-temperature/",
        "record_count": 22,
        "disclaimer": "Reference values vary by firmware, sensor location (chip/junction vs board vs intake), board revision and tuning. Many per-model throttle/shutdown thresholds are not published by manufacturers and are left blank rather than estimated. Confirm against your own firmware telemetry and the manufacturer spec before relying on any value."
    },
    "rows": [
        {
            "model": "Antminer S9",
            "chip": "BM1387",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "135",
            "normal_intake_c": "0-40",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "90",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "15-35",
            "notes": "Intake-air operating spec. shutdown value = PCB/board-sensor over-temp protection (built-in auto-shutdown). Chip max ~135 C is the S9/T9 chip-generation rating, not a per-unit guarantee. Sweet spot ~25 C.",
            "source": "Bitmain S9 spec; Zeus Mining normal-operating-temp"
        },
        {
            "model": "Antminer S17 / S17 Pro",
            "chip": "BM1393 / BM1397",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "5-45",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "75",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "15-35",
            "notes": "S17-series 7nm. shutdown = PCB/board-sensor over-temp protection. Chip junction max not published.",
            "source": "asicminervalue (S17 Pro); Zeus Mining + D-Central operating-temp"
        },
        {
            "model": "Antminer S19",
            "chip": "BM1398",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "0-40",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "80",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "15-35",
            "notes": "Intake-air spec. shutdown = PCB/board-sensor over-temp protection. Chip junction max not published.",
            "source": "Bitmain S19 spec; Zeus Mining + D-Central operating-temp"
        },
        {
            "model": "Antminer S19 Pro",
            "chip": "BM1398",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "0-40",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "80",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "15-35",
            "notes": "Intake-air spec. shutdown = PCB/board-sensor over-temp protection. Chip junction max not published.",
            "source": "Bitmain S19 spec; Zeus Mining + D-Central operating-temp"
        },
        {
            "model": "Antminer S19j Pro",
            "chip": "BM1398",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "5-35",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "85",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "15-35",
            "notes": "shutdown = PCB/board-sensor over-temp protection (~85 C). Intake range varies by source: spec sheets list 5-35 C; Bitmain's general Antminer range is 0-40 C. Chip junction max not published.",
            "source": "asicminervalue (S19j Pro); Zeus Mining normal-operating-temp"
        },
        {
            "model": "Antminer S19 XP",
            "chip": "BM1366",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "0-40",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "75",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "15-35",
            "notes": "Stock firmware halts with 'over max temp' when the outlet-air sensor reaches ~75 C; PCB-sensor protection limit is also 75 C. Max operating temp derates 1 C per 300 m above 900 m altitude.",
            "source": "Bitmain S19 XP manual; Zeus Mining normal-operating-temp"
        },
        {
            "model": "Antminer S21",
            "chip": "BM1368",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "5-40",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "15-35",
            "notes": "Intake-air operating range. PCB-max over-temp protection value not in consulted sources (S21 not listed in the Antminer normal-temp tables). Stock firmware uses an outlet-air over-temp halt; exact per-model threshold not confirmed. Altitude-derated.",
            "source": "asicminervalue (S21)"
        },
        {
            "model": "Antminer S21 Pro",
            "chip": "BM1370",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "5-45",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "15-35",
            "notes": "Intake-air operating range. PCB-max protection value not in consulted sources. Stock firmware uses an outlet-air over-temp halt; exact per-model threshold not confirmed. Altitude-derated.",
            "source": "asicminervalue (S21 Pro)"
        },
        {
            "model": "Antminer S21 XP",
            "chip": "BM1370",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "0-45",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "15-35",
            "notes": "Air-cooled. Sources disagree on intake range: Hyd variant is 0-40 C, immersion variant 0-45 C, and one reseller listing cites -20-45 C (likely storage-inclusive); operating upper bound is ~45 C. Altitude-derated. PCB-max protection value not confirmed.",
            "source": "Bitmain S21 XP spec (via reseller listings)"
        },
        {
            "model": "Antminer S21 Hyd",
            "chip": "BM1368",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "",
            "notes": "Water-cooled: thermal envelope is governed by coolant-loop inlet temperature, not ambient air. Per-model coolant-temp spec not confirmed here (for reference, the related S21 XP Hyd publishes 0-40 C).",
            "source": "Bitmain S21 (hydro)"
        },
        {
            "model": "Antminer T17",
            "chip": "BM1393",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "0-40",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "75",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "15-35",
            "notes": "S17/T17 generation. shutdown = PCB-sensor over-temp protection. Intake value shown is Bitmain's general Antminer range (0-40 C); model-specific sheet not separately confirmed.",
            "source": "Zeus Mining + D-Central operating-temp"
        },
        {
            "model": "Antminer T19",
            "chip": "BM1398",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "0-40",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "80",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "15-35",
            "notes": "shutdown = PCB-sensor over-temp protection. Max power rated at 40 C / sea level; derates with altitude (1 C per 300 m above 900 m).",
            "source": "Bitmain T19 spec; Zeus Mining + D-Central operating-temp"
        },
        {
            "model": "Antminer T21",
            "chip": "BM1368",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "0-45",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "15-35",
            "notes": "0-45 C refers to inlet-air temperature, which can be higher than room ambient. Altitude-derated 1 C per 300 m above 900 m. PCB-max protection value not in consulted sources.",
            "source": "Bitmain T21 manual"
        },
        {
            "model": "Antminer L3+",
            "chip": "BM1485",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "0-40",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "90",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "15-35",
            "notes": "Scrypt miner. shutdown = PCB-sensor over-temp protection (~90 C). Chip junction max not published.",
            "source": "Bitmain L3+ spec; Zeus Mining normal-operating-temp"
        },
        {
            "model": "Antminer L7",
            "chip": "BM1489",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "0-40",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "80",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "15-35",
            "notes": "Scrypt miner (BM1489 ASIC per Bible). Hash-board working-temp max ~80 C = PCB-sensor over-temp protection. Bitmain recommends ~15-35 C intake; intake shown is the general 0-40 C operating range.",
            "source": "Bible SCRYPT_ASIC_CHIPS (BM1489); Zeus Mining normal-operating-temp"
        },
        {
            "model": "WhatsMiner M30S",
            "chip": "",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "-5 to 35",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "below 30",
            "notes": "MicroBT in-house ASIC (model not publicly disclosed). Environment-temp spec -5 to 35 C (some variants list -5 to 40 C). De-rates / reduces frequency when outlet air is high and fan exceeds ~6100 rpm rather than at a fixed kill temp. Altitude-derated. Chip/PCB kill temp not published.",
            "source": "MicroBT M30S manual; Zeus Mining"
        },
        {
            "model": "WhatsMiner M50S",
            "chip": "",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "-5 to 35",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "below 30",
            "notes": "MicroBT in-house ASIC. Published environment-temp varies by source (-5 to 35 / 0 to 40 / 5 to 45 C). Frequency de-rates on high outlet-air / fan speed; no fixed over-temp kill temp published.",
            "source": "MicroBT M50 manual; reseller spec sheets"
        },
        {
            "model": "WhatsMiner M60S",
            "chip": "",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "-5 to 35",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "below 30",
            "notes": "MicroBT in-house ASIC. M60-series environment-temp spec -5 to 35 C. Outlet-air / fan-speed-based frequency de-rating; no fixed over-temp kill temp published.",
            "source": "MicroBT M60 manual"
        },
        {
            "model": "Canaan Avalon A1166 Pro",
            "chip": "",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "-5 to 35",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "",
            "notes": "Canaan in-house ASIC. Suitable operation -5 to 35 C. Altitude-derated 1 C per 300 m above 900 m. Throttle / shutdown temps not published.",
            "source": "Canaan A1166 Pro spec"
        },
        {
            "model": "Canaan Avalon A1246",
            "chip": "",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "-5 to 35",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "",
            "notes": "Canaan in-house ASIC. Recommended operation -5 to 35 C. Altitude-derated. Throttle / shutdown temps not published.",
            "source": "Canaan A1246 spec"
        },
        {
            "model": "Canaan Avalon A14 / A15-class (A1466 / A1566)",
            "chip": "",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "-5 to 35",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "",
            "notes": "Canaan A14 (A1466) and A15 (A1566) series share an operation range of -5 to 35 C. In-house ASIC. Throttle / shutdown temps not published.",
            "source": "Canaan A1466 / A1566 spec"
        },
        {
            "model": "Bitaxe (Gamma)",
            "chip": "BM1370",
            "max_chip_temp_c": "",
            "normal_intake_c": "",
            "throttle_temp_c": "",
            "shutdown_temp_c": "~75",
            "recommended_ambient_c": "",
            "notes": "Open-source single-ASIC board (Gamma = BM1370; Supra = BM1368; Ultra = BM1366). Open-source ESP-Miner firmware applies a chip-die over-temp cutoff (~75 C -> hold reset / drop core voltage; recovers when cooled, roughly <45 C) rather than a graduated throttle. No manufacturer ambient spec (open-frame; run at room temperature, cooler is better).",
            "source": "Bible HASHBOARD_DIAGNOSTICS; ESP-Miner (open source)"
        }
    ]
}