{
    "meta": {
        "title": "D-Central — Canadian Solar Resource",
        "description": "Peak-sun-hours / PV potential for 19 Canadian cities: annual PV yield (kWh/kW/yr) and annual/summer/winter mean daily insolation. NRCan-based geographic constants.",
        "generated": "2026-06-21T03:22:05+00:00",
        "version": "1.0",
        "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "source": "https://d-central.tech/canadian-solar-resource/",
        "record_count": 19,
        "provenance": "Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) Photovoltaic potential and solar resource maps; values for a 1 kW south-facing, latitude-tilt grid-connected system.",
        "disclaimer": "Geographic estimates: actual yield varies with tilt, shading, snow, panel temperature and inverter losses. Size a real system with a local installer and a site survey."
    },
    "rows": [
        {
            "id": "regina",
            "city": "Regina",
            "province": "SK",
            "latitude": 50.39999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1361,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 4,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 6.20000000000000017763568394002504646778106689453125,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 1.8000000000000000444089209850062616169452667236328125,
            "notes": "Highest PV potential of any major Canadian city, driven by dry, clear Prairie skies.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "saskatoon",
            "city": "Saskatoon",
            "province": "SK",
            "latitude": 52.10000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1330,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 3.899999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 6.0999999999999996447286321199499070644378662109375,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 1.6999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875,
            "notes": "Among the sunniest cities nationally, just behind Regina.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "calgary",
            "city": "Calgary",
            "province": "AB",
            "latitude": 51,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1292,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 4,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 6,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 1.899999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
            "notes": "Top-tier Prairie sun; cold, clear winters keep panels efficient.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "winnipeg",
            "city": "Winnipeg",
            "province": "MB",
            "latitude": 49.89999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1277,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 3.899999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 6,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 1.6999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875,
            "notes": "Prairie clear-sky climate makes it one of the sunniest large cities.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "edmonton",
            "city": "Edmonton",
            "province": "AB",
            "latitude": 53.5,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1245,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 3.70000000000000017763568394002504646778106689453125,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 5.9000000000000003552713678800500929355621337890625,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 1.5,
            "notes": "Higher latitude is offset by clear skies; latitude tilt lifts annual yield.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "ottawa",
            "city": "Ottawa",
            "province": "ON",
            "latitude": 45.39999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1198,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 3.70000000000000017763568394002504646778106689453125,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 5.70000000000000017763568394002504646778106689453125,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 1.5,
            "notes": "Clear continental skies push annual yield above most eastern metros.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "montreal",
            "city": "Montreal",
            "province": "QC",
            "latitude": 45.5,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1185,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 3.600000000000000088817841970012523233890533447265625,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 5.5999999999999996447286321199499070644378662109375,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 1.5,
            "notes": "Strong continental summers offset a low winter sun for a balanced annual yield.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "charlottetown",
            "city": "Charlottetown",
            "province": "PE",
            "latitude": 46.2000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1165,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 3.600000000000000088817841970012523233890533447265625,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 5.5,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 1.5,
            "notes": "Maritime exposure yields solid summer insolation with a typical Atlantic winter dip.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "quebec-city",
            "city": "Quebec City",
            "province": "QC",
            "latitude": 46.7999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1163,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 3.5,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 5.5,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 1.399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
            "notes": "Similar continental profile to Montreal with a marginally lower annual total.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "toronto",
            "city": "Toronto",
            "province": "ON",
            "latitude": 43.7000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1161,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 3.70000000000000017763568394002504646778106689453125,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 5.70000000000000017763568394002504646778106689453125,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 1.5,
            "notes": "Southern-Ontario location gives the best winter sun among major eastern cities.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "fredericton",
            "city": "Fredericton",
            "province": "NB",
            "latitude": 45.89999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1145,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 3.5,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 5.4000000000000003552713678800500929355621337890625,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 1.5,
            "notes": "NRCan canonical New Brunswick data point; inland location lifts it above the foggier coast.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "saint-john",
            "city": "Saint John",
            "province": "NB",
            "latitude": 45.2999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1120,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 3.29999999999999982236431605997495353221893310546875,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 5,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 1.399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375,
            "notes": "Bay of Fundy fog trims output slightly below inland Fredericton.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map; annual_pv approx (interpolated from Fredericton); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "halifax",
            "city": "Halifax",
            "province": "NS",
            "latitude": 44.60000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1118,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 3.5,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 5.29999999999999982236431605997495353221893310546875,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 1.5,
            "notes": "Coastal Atlantic climate gives moderate output with a mild winter floor.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "victoria",
            "city": "Victoria",
            "province": "BC",
            "latitude": 48.39999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1091,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 3.600000000000000088817841970012523233890533447265625,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 5.9000000000000003552713678800500929355621337890625,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 1.100000000000000088817841970012523233890533447265625,
            "notes": "Sunniest spot in BC with bright summers but a low winter sun.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "yellowknife",
            "city": "Yellowknife",
            "province": "NT",
            "latitude": 62.5,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1014,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 3,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 5.70000000000000017763568394002504646778106689453125,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 0.40000000000000002220446049250313080847263336181640625,
            "notes": "Long summer daylight contrasts with near-zero insolation in deep winter.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "vancouver",
            "city": "Vancouver",
            "province": "BC",
            "latitude": 49.2999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1009,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 3.29999999999999982236431605997495353221893310546875,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 5.5,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 1,
            "notes": "Wet Pacific winters give one of the lowest annual yields despite sunny summers.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "whitehorse",
            "city": "Whitehorse",
            "province": "YT",
            "latitude": 60.7000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1006,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 2.79999999999999982236431605997495353221893310546875,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 5,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 0.5,
            "notes": "High latitude drives a steep summer-to-winter swing with very low deep-winter sun.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "iqaluit",
            "city": "Iqaluit",
            "province": "NU",
            "latitude": 63.7000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 1004,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 2.79999999999999982236431605997495353221893310546875,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 5,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 0.299999999999999988897769753748434595763683319091796875,
            "notes": "Arctic latitude means near-zero insolation in deep winter and strong long-day summers.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        },
        {
            "id": "st-john-s",
            "city": "St. John's",
            "province": "NL",
            "latitude": 47.60000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625,
            "annual_pv_kwh_per_kw": 933,
            "insolation_annual_kwh_m2_day": 3,
            "insolation_summer_kwh_m2_day": 4.79999999999999982236431605997495353221893310546875,
            "insolation_winter_kwh_m2_day": 1.100000000000000088817841970012523233890533447265625,
            "notes": "Among Canada's least sunny major cities; persistent Atlantic cloud and fog suppress yield year-round.",
            "source": "NRCan PV potential map (fixed S latitude-tilt); insolation cols approx GHI peak-sun-hours"
        }
    ]
}