{ "meta": { "title": "D-Central — Provincial Heating Fuel Cost Index (Canada)", "description": "Delivered heating cost ($/GJ of useful heat) across 7 heat sources for the Canadian provinces (68 province-source rows). Electricity single-sourced; non-electric fuel prices are 2026 residential figures with per-cell confidence.", "generated": "2026-07-17T16:53:41+00:00", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "version": "1.0", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "source": "https://d-central.tech/heating-fuel-cost-by-province/", "record_count": 68, "provenance": "Electricity rates from the D-Central canonical provincial electricity dataset; non-electric fuel prices from Statistics Canada, Natural Resources Canada, provincial utilities/regulators and representative 2026 retail (per-row source + confidence). Delivered cost = price / (energy content x appliance efficiency).", "disclaimer": "Fuel prices vary by region, supplier, contract and season; some cells are regional proxies (see regional_proxy). Confirm your local rate before deciding. Heat-pump uses a conservative cold-climate seasonal COP." }, "rows": [ { "province_code": "AB", "province_name": "Alberta", "heat_source": "Natural gas (condensing furnace)", "source_id": "natural-gas", "unit": "GJ", "price_cad_per_unit": 6.5, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 1, "efficiency_or_cop": "95%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 6.839999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 7.21999999999999975131004248396493494510650634765625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.0246000000000000003386180225106727448292076587677001953125, "confidence": "medium", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "ATCO Gas South Rate Schedules (Low Use Delivery, AUC-approved) + Direct Energy Regulated Services default gas rate", "source_url": "https://gas.atco.com/content/dam/web/for-home/natural-gas/natural-gas-south-rate-schedule.pdf", "notes": "All-in effective at a winter-heating month (ATCO South, Low Use <=1,200 GJ/yr): default-supply commodity $1.595/GJ (July 2026; monthly-indexed, was $2.076 in Ju" }, { "province_code": "AB", "province_name": "Alberta", "heat_source": "Air-source heat pump (cold-climate)", "source_id": "heat-pump-ashp", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.12009999999999999842348330503227771259844303131103515625, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "COP 2.2", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 15.160000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 16, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.054600000000000002697841949839130393229424953460693359375, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "Cold-climate seasonal COP 2.2 applied to the provincial residential rate. Manufacturers rate 2.0-3.0 seasonal; sub-zero performance varies." }, { "province_code": "AB", "province_name": "Alberta", "heat_source": "Wood pellets", "source_id": "wood-pellets", "unit": "tonne", "price_cad_per_unit": 385, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 18, "efficiency_or_cop": "80%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 26.739999999999998436805981327779591083526611328125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 28.21000000000000085265128291212022304534912109375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.096299999999999996713739847109536640346050262451171875, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "La Crete Sawmills (La Crete, AB) producer — 40 lb bags + mini-bulk; prairie retail", "source_url": "https://www.lacretesawmills.com/products/wood-pellets", "notes": "Domestic softwood-pellet production in-province (La Crete Sawmills, super-premium spruce ~8,800 BTU/lb; also sold via Home Depot Canada)." }, { "province_code": "AB", "province_name": "Alberta", "heat_source": "Cordwood (seasoned hardwood)", "source_id": "cordwood", "unit": "cord", "price_cad_per_unit": 525, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 24, "efficiency_or_cop": "70%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 31.25, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 32.969999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.11250000000000000277555756156289135105907917022705078125, "confidence": "medium", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Alberta Firewood + Kijiji AB (Edmonton/Calgary)", "source_url": "https://www.albertafirewood.ca/prices.html", "notes": "Counterintuitive Prairie pattern: birch (the main HARDWOOD) is scarce and PREMIUM at $500-650/cord delivered (Edmonton) — $525 used." }, { "province_code": "AB", "province_name": "Alberta", "heat_source": "Electric resistance (baseboard)", "source_id": "electric-baseboard", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.12009999999999999842348330503227771259844303131103515625, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "100%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 33.3599999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 35.2000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.12009999999999999842348330503227771259844303131103515625, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "A Bitcoin ASIC is also a ~100%-efficient resistive heater, so its GROSS heat cost equals this baseboard figure at the same rate (before any mining-revenue credit)." }, { "province_code": "AB", "province_name": "Alberta", "heat_source": "Propane", "source_id": "propane", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.81999999999999995115018691649311222136020660400390625, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.0252999999999999995725641355193147319369018077850341796875, "efficiency_or_cop": "90%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 36.00999999999999801048033987171947956085205078125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 37.99000000000000198951966012828052043914794921875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.129599999999999992983390484369010664522647857666015625, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Representative retail (Alberta supplier/builder cost data, BLD Homes ~95¢/L incl. tax+delivery)", "source_url": "https://bldhomes.ca/propane-costs/", "notes": "Unregulated. Alberta sits near propane production (fractionation hubs), so bulk residential delivered is typically the cheapest in Canada; estimate ~$0.82/L pre" }, { "province_code": "AB", "province_name": "Alberta", "heat_source": "Heating oil (#2 furnace oil)", "source_id": "heating-oil", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 1.8890000000000000124344978758017532527446746826171875, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.03819999999999999784616733222719631157815456390380859375, "efficiency_or_cop": "85%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 58.17999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 61.38000000000000255795384873636066913604736328125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.2094000000000000027977620220553944818675518035888671875, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "yes", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Representative proxy - NRCan Canada-average furnace oil (no Alberta series exists)", "source_url": "https://natural-resources.canada.ca/domestic-international-markets/furnace-oil-prices", "notes": "PROXY, not an Alberta-specific figure. Alberta has effectively no residential furnace-oil market (near-universal natural gas); StatsCan does not survey Edmonton" }, { "province_code": "BC", "province_name": "British Columbia", "heat_source": "Natural gas (condensing furnace)", "source_id": "natural-gas", "unit": "GJ", "price_cad_per_unit": 13.699999999999999289457264239899814128875732421875, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 1, "efficiency_or_cop": "95%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 14.4199999999999999289457264239899814128875732421875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 15.2200000000000006394884621840901672840118408203125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.051900000000000001687538997430237941443920135498046875, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "FortisBC Rate Schedule 1 (Mainland) Table of Charges, BCUC-approved; residential rates page", "source_url": "https://www.fortisbc.com/accounts/billing-rates/natural-gas-rates/residential-rates", "notes": "All-in effective at a winter-heating month: Cost of Gas $1.660/GJ (held at July 1, 2026) + Storage & Transport $2.472/GJ + Delivery margin $8.469/GJ (delivery $" }, { "province_code": "BC", "province_name": "British Columbia", "heat_source": "Air-source heat pump (cold-climate)", "source_id": "heat-pump-ashp", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.1186999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "COP 2.2", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 14.9900000000000002131628207280300557613372802734375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 15.8100000000000004973799150320701301097869873046875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.053999999999999999389377336456163902767002582550048828125, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "Cold-climate seasonal COP 2.2 applied to the provincial residential rate. Manufacturers rate 2.0-3.0 seasonal; sub-zero performance varies." }, { "province_code": "BC", "province_name": "British Columbia", "heat_source": "Cordwood (seasoned hardwood)", "source_id": "cordwood", "unit": "cord", "price_cad_per_unit": 375, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 24, "efficiency_or_cop": "70%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 22.32000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 23.550000000000000710542735760100185871124267578125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.0803999999999999992450483432548935525119304656982421875, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Revelstoke Firewood + Kijiji BC listings", "source_url": "https://revelstokefirewood.com/firewood-pricing/", "notes": "SOFTWOOD-DOMINANT market (fir, larch, pine, spruce, cedar/hemlock); very little true hardwood. Split & delivered $300-420/cord (larch/fir at the top)." }, { "province_code": "BC", "province_name": "British Columbia", "heat_source": "Wood pellets", "source_id": "wood-pellets", "unit": "tonne", "price_cad_per_unit": 420, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 18, "efficiency_or_cop": "80%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 29.1700000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 30.769999999999999573674358543939888477325439453125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.10499999999999999611421941381195210851728916168212890625, "confidence": "medium", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Buckerfield's (BC) — Platinum Premium Wood Pellet 40 lb; Okanagan Pellet Co. (West Kelowna) producer", "source_url": "https://www.buckerfields.ca/product/platinum-premium-wood-pellet-40lb", "notes": "Canada's largest pellet-producing province, but coastal/interior country-store bagged retail is high: Buckerfield's Platinum Premium 40 lb = $8.49/bag (~$468/t" }, { "province_code": "BC", "province_name": "British Columbia", "heat_source": "Electric resistance (baseboard)", "source_id": "electric-baseboard", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.1186999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "100%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 32.969999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 34.78999999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.1186999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "A Bitcoin ASIC is also a ~100%-efficient resistive heater, so its GROSS heat cost equals this baseboard figure at the same rate (before any mining-revenue credit)." }, { "province_code": "BC", "province_name": "British Columbia", "heat_source": "Propane", "source_id": "propane", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 1.0800000000000000710542735760100185871124267578125, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.0252999999999999995725641355193147319369018077850341796875, "efficiency_or_cop": "90%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 47.42999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 50.03999999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.170800000000000007371880883511039428412914276123046875, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Representative retail estimate (national supplier rates); no official BC residential-delivered series", "source_url": "https://www.superiorpropane.com/propane-price", "notes": "Unregulated. BC is transport-disadvantaged (far from propane production) and historically among the highest-priced provinces; estimate ~$1.08/L pre-tax." }, { "province_code": "BC", "province_name": "British Columbia", "heat_source": "Heating oil (#2 furnace oil)", "source_id": "heating-oil", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 2.321000000000000174082970261224545538425445556640625, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.03819999999999999784616733222719631157815456390380859375, "efficiency_or_cop": "85%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 71.4800000000000039790393202565610408782958984375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 75.4200000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.25729999999999997317701172505621798336505889892578125, "confidence": "medium", "regional_proxy": "yes", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Statistics Canada Table 18-10-0001, household heating fuel, Vancouver CMA", "source_url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1810000101", "notes": "Delivered, taxes-in. Vancouver CMA monthly value (StatsCan, updated 2026-06-22)." }, { "province_code": "MB", "province_name": "Manitoba", "heat_source": "Natural gas (condensing furnace)", "source_id": "natural-gas", "unit": "GJ", "price_cad_per_unit": 6.9000000000000003552713678800500929355621337890625, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 1, "efficiency_or_cop": "95%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 7.2599999999999997868371792719699442386627197265625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 7.660000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.0261000000000000016708856520608605933375656604766845703125, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Manitoba Hydro / Centra Gas residential rates (Manitoba PUB-approved)", "source_url": "https://www.hydro.mb.ca/account/rates/residential/", "notes": "All-in effective at a winter-heating month: gas commodity 7.00 c/m3 + delivery 15.88 c/m3 (distribution 11.30 + transportation-to-Centra 4.58) = 22.88 c/m3 vari" }, { "province_code": "MB", "province_name": "Manitoba", "heat_source": "Air-source heat pump (cold-climate)", "source_id": "heat-pump-ashp", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.09969999999999999695798891252707107923924922943115234375, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "COP 2.2", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 12.589999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 13.2799999999999993605115378159098327159881591796875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.045299999999999999988897769753748434595763683319091796875, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "Cold-climate seasonal COP 2.2 applied to the provincial residential rate. Manufacturers rate 2.0-3.0 seasonal; sub-zero performance varies." }, { "province_code": "MB", "province_name": "Manitoba", "heat_source": "Cordwood (seasoned hardwood)", "source_id": "cordwood", "unit": "cord", "price_cad_per_unit": 425, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 24, "efficiency_or_cop": "70%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 25.300000000000000710542735760100185871124267578125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 26.690000000000001278976924368180334568023681640625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.09110000000000000042188474935755948536098003387451171875, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Firewood Manitoba + Winnipeg Firewood + Kijiji MB", "source_url": "https://www.firewoodmanitoba.ca/shop/firewood-delivered/pinefirewood/", "notes": "Southern Manitoba has real hardwood (oak, ash, elm, birch); delivered seasoned hardwood ~$400-475/cord ($425 representative)." }, { "province_code": "MB", "province_name": "Manitoba", "heat_source": "Wood pellets", "source_id": "wood-pellets", "unit": "tonne", "price_cad_per_unit": 375, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 18, "efficiency_or_cop": "80%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 26.03999999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 27.480000000000000426325641456060111522674560546875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.09379999999999999449329379785922355949878692626953125, "confidence": "medium", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Manitoba wood-pellet distributor/classified listings (bag $6.95; 55-bag skid $376.75; bulk tote $337)", "source_url": "https://www.kijiji.ca/b-manitoba/wood-pellets/k0l9006", "notes": "Real MB figures: $6.95/40 lb bag, 55-bag skid (2200 lb ≈ 0.998 t) $376.75 → ~$377/t; 1-t bulk tote $337/t. Prairie is among the cheapest per tonne." }, { "province_code": "MB", "province_name": "Manitoba", "heat_source": "Electric resistance (baseboard)", "source_id": "electric-baseboard", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.09969999999999999695798891252707107923924922943115234375, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "100%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 27.690000000000001278976924368180334568023681640625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 29.219999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.09969999999999999695798891252707107923924922943115234375, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "A Bitcoin ASIC is also a ~100%-efficient resistive heater, so its GROSS heat cost equals this baseboard figure at the same rate (before any mining-revenue credit)." }, { "province_code": "MB", "province_name": "Manitoba", "heat_source": "Propane", "source_id": "propane", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.88000000000000000444089209850062616169452667236328125, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.0252999999999999995725641355193147319369018077850341796875, "efficiency_or_cop": "90%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 38.64999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 40.780000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.13910000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "yes", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Representative retail estimate (Prairie regional proxy from AB/SK supplier rates)", "source_url": "https://www.superiorpropane.com/propane-price", "notes": "Unregulated; no MB-specific official price. Prairie-region proxy, set slightly above Alberta for added transport distance (~$0.88/L pre-tax). Wide uncertainty." }, { "province_code": "MB", "province_name": "Manitoba", "heat_source": "Heating oil (#2 furnace oil)", "source_id": "heating-oil", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 2.03399999999999980815346134477294981479644775390625, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.03819999999999999784616733222719631157815456390380859375, "efficiency_or_cop": "85%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 62.6400000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 66.090000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.2255000000000000059952043329758453182876110076904296875, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "yes", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Statistics Canada Table 18-10-0001, household heating fuel, Winnipeg CMA", "source_url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1810000101", "notes": "Delivered, taxes-in. Winnipeg CMA monthly value (StatsCan, updated 2026-06-22)." }, { "province_code": "NB", "province_name": "New Brunswick", "heat_source": "Air-source heat pump (cold-climate)", "source_id": "heat-pump-ashp", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.1539000000000000090150109599562711082398891448974609375, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "COP 2.2", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 19.42999999999999971578290569595992565155029296875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 20.5, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.070000000000000006661338147750939242541790008544921875, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "Cold-climate seasonal COP 2.2 applied to the provincial residential rate. Manufacturers rate 2.0-3.0 seasonal; sub-zero performance varies." }, { "province_code": "NB", "province_name": "New Brunswick", "heat_source": "Cordwood (seasoned hardwood)", "source_id": "cordwood", "unit": "cord", "price_cad_per_unit": 350, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 24, "efficiency_or_cop": "70%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 20.8299999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 21.980000000000000426325641456060111522674560546875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.07499999999999999722444243843710864894092082977294921875, "confidence": "medium", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "CBC News New Brunswick - firewood cost report", "source_url": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/cost-firewood-red-hot-cheapest-option-heat-9.7157915", "notes": "CBC News reports firewood rose to roughly a $375/cord maximum (up from ~$250), driven by diesel and insurance costs, and uses $350/cord as its heating-cost comp" }, { "province_code": "NB", "province_name": "New Brunswick", "heat_source": "Natural gas (condensing furnace)", "source_id": "natural-gas", "unit": "GJ", "price_cad_per_unit": 23.5, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 1, "efficiency_or_cop": "95%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 24.739999999999998436805981327779591083526611328125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 26.10000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.08909999999999999864552790995730902068316936492919921875, "confidence": "medium", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Liberty Utilities (Gas New Brunswick) - Rates & Charges / Gas Supply Price Update, NBEUB-approved", "source_url": "https://naturalgasnb.com/en/for-home/accounts-billing/billing-pricing/", "notes": "All-in effective at a winter-heating month (Small General Service / residential): cost-of-gas commodity (LUG) $11.02/GJ (June 2026) + distribution ~$11.24/GJ +" }, { "province_code": "NB", "province_name": "New Brunswick", "heat_source": "Wood pellets", "source_id": "wood-pellets", "unit": "tonne", "price_cad_per_unit": 410, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 18, "efficiency_or_cop": "80%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 28.469999999999998863131622783839702606201171875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 30.03999999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.10249999999999999389377336456163902767002582550048828125, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "MacNichol Landscaping Supplies (Moncton) — Canawick $6.25/bag, $468.75/75-bag pallet (2020 season); Canawick is NB-made", "source_url": "https://macnichollandscapingsupplies.com/wood-pellets-moncton-delivered.php", "notes": "Strong local supply — Canawick and Groupe Savoie are NB producers." }, { "province_code": "NB", "province_name": "New Brunswick", "heat_source": "Propane", "source_id": "propane", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.91000000000000003108624468950438313186168670654296875, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.0252999999999999995725641355193147319369018077850341796875, "efficiency_or_cop": "90%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 39.96000000000000085265128291212022304534912109375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 42.1700000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.1439000000000000001332267629550187848508358001708984375, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "New Brunswick Energy & Utilities Board (NBEUB) — regulated maximum propane (heating fuel) price", "source_url": "https://nbeub.ca/current-petroleum-prices-2", "notes": "Official regulated maximum: 104.6 ¢/L INCLUDING 15% HST as of the July 15, 2026 adjustment → ~91.0 ¢/L pre-tax (104.6/1.15)." }, { "province_code": "NB", "province_name": "New Brunswick", "heat_source": "Electric resistance (baseboard)", "source_id": "electric-baseboard", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.1539000000000000090150109599562711082398891448974609375, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "100%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 42.75, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 45.10000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.1539000000000000090150109599562711082398891448974609375, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "A Bitcoin ASIC is also a ~100%-efficient resistive heater, so its GROSS heat cost equals this baseboard figure at the same rate (before any mining-revenue credit)." }, { "province_code": "NB", "province_name": "New Brunswick", "heat_source": "Heating oil (#2 furnace oil)", "source_id": "heating-oil", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 2.162999999999999811706175023573450744152069091796875, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.03819999999999999784616733222719631157815456390380859375, "efficiency_or_cop": "85%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 66.6200000000000045474735088646411895751953125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 70.280000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.2398000000000000131450406115618534386157989501953125, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "New Brunswick Energy & Utilities Board - Maximum Allowable Prices (Furnace Oil, Max Total Price incl. HST + delivery)", "source_url": "https://nbeub.ca/images/documents/petroleum_pricing/currentmaximumpriceenglish.pdf", "notes": "Regulated MAXIMUM delivered price, province-wide, effective 12:01am Fri 2026-07-17: benchmark 138.40, max retail price incl HST 210.50, plus up-to-5 c/L deliver" }, { "province_code": "NL", "province_name": "Newfoundland and Labrador", "heat_source": "Air-source heat pump (cold-climate)", "source_id": "heat-pump-ashp", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.15212999999999998745892071383423171937465667724609375, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "COP 2.2", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 19.21000000000000085265128291212022304534912109375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 20.269999999999999573674358543939888477325439453125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.06919999999999999762412272730216500349342823028564453125, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "Cold-climate seasonal COP 2.2 applied to the provincial residential rate. Manufacturers rate 2.0-3.0 seasonal; sub-zero performance varies." }, { "province_code": "NL", "province_name": "Newfoundland and Labrador", "heat_source": "Cordwood (seasoned hardwood)", "source_id": "cordwood", "unit": "cord", "price_cad_per_unit": 450, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 24, "efficiency_or_cop": "70%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 26.78999999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 28.260000000000001563194018672220408916473388671875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.09639999999999999957811525064244051463901996612548828125, "confidence": "medium", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Firewood Factory (St. John's, NL)", "source_url": "https://www.firewoodfactorynl.com/products-pricing/", "notes": "Firewood Factory (St. John's): birch $425 + HST/cord and black spruce $405 + HST/cord for woodlot pickup; delivery +$30-35." }, { "province_code": "NL", "province_name": "Newfoundland and Labrador", "heat_source": "Wood pellets", "source_id": "wood-pellets", "unit": "tonne", "price_cad_per_unit": 460, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 18, "efficiency_or_cop": "80%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 31.940000000000001278976924368180334568023681640625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 33.7000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.11500000000000000499600361081320443190634250640869140625, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "yes", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Kent (Atlantic chain) wood-pellet category; Atlantic regional proxy + shipping premium", "source_url": "https://kent.ca/en/shop/heating-cooling-air-quality/heating-fuels/wood-pellets", "notes": "Thin market, no local production of note; product is barged/shipped in, carrying the highest freight of the ten provinces." }, { "province_code": "NL", "province_name": "Newfoundland and Labrador", "heat_source": "Electric resistance (baseboard)", "source_id": "electric-baseboard", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.15212999999999998745892071383423171937465667724609375, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "100%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 42.25999999999999801048033987171947956085205078125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 44.5799999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.15210000000000001296740492762182839214801788330078125, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "A Bitcoin ASIC is also a ~100%-efficient resistive heater, so its GROSS heat cost equals this baseboard figure at the same rate (before any mining-revenue credit)." }, { "province_code": "NL", "province_name": "Newfoundland and Labrador", "heat_source": "Propane", "source_id": "propane", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 1.032000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.0252999999999999995725641355193147319369018077850341796875, "efficiency_or_cop": "90%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 45.32000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 47.82000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.1632000000000000117239551400416530668735504150390625, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "NL Board of Commissioners of Public Utilities (PUB) — regulated maximum propane, Base Zone", "source_url": "http://www.pub.nf.ca/PP_petroleumproducts.php", "notes": "Official regulated maximum: Propane Base Zone (Zone 6, Avalon/St." }, { "province_code": "NL", "province_name": "Newfoundland and Labrador", "heat_source": "Heating oil (#2 furnace oil)", "source_id": "heating-oil", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 2.12000000000000010658141036401502788066864013671875, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.03819999999999999784616733222719631157815456390380859375, "efficiency_or_cop": "85%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 65.2900000000000062527760746888816356658935546875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 68.8900000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.23499999999999998667732370449812151491641998291015625, "confidence": "medium", "regional_proxy": "yes", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Statistics Canada Table 18-10-0001, household heating fuel, St. John's CMA (PUB N&L regulates province-wide max prices by zone)", "source_url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1810000101", "notes": "Regulated furnace-oil price; PUB weekly adjustments through mid-2026." }, { "province_code": "NS", "province_name": "Nova Scotia", "heat_source": "Cordwood (seasoned hardwood)", "source_id": "cordwood", "unit": "cord", "price_cad_per_unit": 350, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 24, "efficiency_or_cop": "70%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 20.8299999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 21.980000000000000426325641456060111522674560546875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.07499999999999999722444243843710864894092082977294921875, "confidence": "medium", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Sam Firewood (Metro Halifax) + Kijiji NS", "source_url": "https://www.samfirewood.ca/", "notes": "Delivered seasoned hardwood (yellow birch, sugar maple) $300-400/cord across HRM/Metro Halifax; $325-385 typical, $350 representative." }, { "province_code": "NS", "province_name": "Nova Scotia", "heat_source": "Air-source heat pump (cold-climate)", "source_id": "heat-pump-ashp", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.19128000000000000557776047571678645908832550048828125, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "COP 2.2", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 24.14999999999999857891452847979962825775146484375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 25.480000000000000426325641456060111522674560546875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.0869000000000000050182080713057075627148151397705078125, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "Cold-climate seasonal COP 2.2 applied to the provincial residential rate. Manufacturers rate 2.0-3.0 seasonal; sub-zero performance varies." }, { "province_code": "NS", "province_name": "Nova Scotia", "heat_source": "Natural gas (condensing furnace)", "source_id": "natural-gas", "unit": "GJ", "price_cad_per_unit": 25, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 1, "efficiency_or_cop": "95%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 26.32000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 27.760000000000001563194018672220408916473388671875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.094700000000000006394884621840901672840118408203125, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "yes", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Eastward Energy (formerly Heritage Gas) residential rates, NSUARB-approved (distribution) + market-based Gas Cost Recovery Rate", "source_url": "https://eastwardenergy.com/new-rates/", "notes": "All-in effective at a winter-heating month: distribution Base Energy Charge $12.349/GJ (2026, +10%) + $29.00/mo fixed customer charge + CRP recovery-rate rider" }, { "province_code": "NS", "province_name": "Nova Scotia", "heat_source": "Wood pellets", "source_id": "wood-pellets", "unit": "tonne", "price_cad_per_unit": 415, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 18, "efficiency_or_cop": "80%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 28.82000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 30.410000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.10380000000000000337507799486047588288784027099609375, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "yes", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Kent (Maritime chain) wood-pellet category; Shaw Resources (NS) producer; Maritime regional proxy", "source_url": "https://kent.ca/en/shop/heating-cooling-air-quality/heating-fuels/wood-pellets", "notes": "NS has in-province production (Shaw Resources 'Great Northern'/Groupe Savoie region) and Kent/Home Hardware distribution, so pellets are readily available." }, { "province_code": "NS", "province_name": "Nova Scotia", "heat_source": "Propane", "source_id": "propane", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 1, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.0252999999999999995725641355193147319369018077850341796875, "efficiency_or_cop": "90%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 43.9200000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 46.340000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.1580999999999999905408998301936662755906581878662109375, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "yes", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Representative estimate — Atlantic regional proxy anchored to NB (NBEUB) and NL (PUB) regulated prices; NS does NOT regulate propane", "source_url": "https://nbeub.ca/current-petroleum-prices-2", "notes": "Nova Scotia regulates only gasoline and diesel, NOT propane, so there is no official NS residential price." }, { "province_code": "NS", "province_name": "Nova Scotia", "heat_source": "Electric resistance (baseboard)", "source_id": "electric-baseboard", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.19128000000000000557776047571678645908832550048828125, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "100%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 53.13000000000000255795384873636066913604736328125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 56.06000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.1912999999999999978239628717346931807696819305419921875, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "A Bitcoin ASIC is also a ~100%-efficient resistive heater, so its GROSS heat cost equals this baseboard figure at the same rate (before any mining-revenue credit)." }, { "province_code": "NS", "province_name": "Nova Scotia", "heat_source": "Heating oil (#2 furnace oil)", "source_id": "heating-oil", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 1.846999999999999975131004248396493494510650634765625, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.03819999999999999784616733222719631157815456390380859375, "efficiency_or_cop": "85%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 56.88000000000000255795384873636066913604736328125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 60.02000000000000312638803734444081783294677734375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.2048000000000000098143715376863838173449039459228515625, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "yes", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Natural Resources Canada weekly furnace oil survey, Halifax", "source_url": "https://www2.nrcan.gc.ca/eneene/sources/pripri/prices_byfuel_e.cfm?locationName=Halifax&productID=7", "notes": "Delivered, taxes-in (NS HST 14%). Halifax is NRCan's NS survey point (184.7 c/L, week of 2026-07-14; Canada avg was 188.9 c/L)." }, { "province_code": "ON", "province_name": "Ontario", "heat_source": "Natural gas (condensing furnace)", "source_id": "natural-gas", "unit": "GJ", "price_cad_per_unit": 9.4000000000000003552713678800500929355621337890625, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 1, "efficiency_or_cop": "95%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 9.8900000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 10.4399999999999995026200849679298698902130126953125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.035599999999999999700239783351207734085619449615478515625, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Enbridge Gas Ontario - Rate 1 (EGD legacy zone) System Notice, OEB-approved", "source_url": "https://www.enbridgegas.com/-/media/Extranet-Pages/ontario/residential/myaccount/rates/EGD---Rate-1---System-Notice.pdf", "notes": "All-in effective at a winter-heating month (~400 m3): gas supply commodity 9.0498 c/m3 (effective, incl." }, { "province_code": "ON", "province_name": "Ontario", "heat_source": "Air-source heat pump (cold-climate)", "source_id": "heat-pump-ashp", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.11999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "COP 2.2", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 15.1500000000000003552713678800500929355621337890625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 15.9900000000000002131628207280300557613372802734375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.054499999999999999833466546306226518936455249786376953125, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "Cold-climate seasonal COP 2.2 applied to the provincial residential rate. Manufacturers rate 2.0-3.0 seasonal; sub-zero performance varies." }, { "province_code": "ON", "province_name": "Ontario", "heat_source": "Cordwood (seasoned hardwood)", "source_id": "cordwood", "unit": "cord", "price_cad_per_unit": 450, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 24, "efficiency_or_cop": "70%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 26.78999999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 28.260000000000001563194018672220408916473388671875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.09639999999999999957811525064244051463901996612548828125, "confidence": "medium", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Fairwood Firewood (Southern Ontario) + Kijiji ON / HomeGuide 2026", "source_url": "https://fairwoodfirewood.ca/shop-firewood/full-cord-of-firewood/", "notes": "Large regional spread. GTA/Muskoka premium delivered seasoned hardwood (maple/oak/ash/birch) runs $500-600/full cord (Fairwood ~$600); rural and Northern Ontari" }, { "province_code": "ON", "province_name": "Ontario", "heat_source": "Wood pellets", "source_id": "wood-pellets", "unit": "tonne", "price_cad_per_unit": 415, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 18, "efficiency_or_cop": "80%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 28.82000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 30.410000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.10380000000000000337507799486047588288784027099609375, "confidence": "medium", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Gildale Farms (St Marys, ON) posted fuel-pellet price list", "source_url": "http://www.gildalefarms.ca/fuel-pellets", "notes": "Strongest single data point: posted price list — premium mixed $7.50/40 lb bag = $375/short ton (≈$413/t); premium softwood $8.00/bag = $400/short ton (≈$441/t)" }, { "province_code": "ON", "province_name": "Ontario", "heat_source": "Electric resistance (baseboard)", "source_id": "electric-baseboard", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.11999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "100%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 33.3299999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 35.1700000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.11999999999999999555910790149937383830547332763671875, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "A Bitcoin ASIC is also a ~100%-efficient resistive heater, so its GROSS heat cost equals this baseboard figure at the same rate (before any mining-revenue credit)." }, { "province_code": "ON", "province_name": "Ontario", "heat_source": "Propane", "source_id": "propane", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.84999999999999997779553950749686919152736663818359375, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.0252999999999999995725641355193147319369018077850341796875, "efficiency_or_cop": "90%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 37.3299999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 39.3900000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.1343999999999999916955317758038290776312351226806640625, "confidence": "medium", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Representative retail (Ontario propane suppliers / BLD Homes cost breakdown ~95¢/L incl. tax+delivery)", "source_url": "https://bldhomes.ca/propane-costs/", "notes": "Unregulated but multiple retail sources converge: residential delivered roughly $0.70–0.95/L after the April-2025 carbon-charge removal; a typical ~95¢/L invoic" }, { "province_code": "ON", "province_name": "Ontario", "heat_source": "Heating oil (#2 furnace oil)", "source_id": "heating-oil", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 2.329000000000000181188397618825547397136688232421875, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.03819999999999999784616733222719631157815456390380859375, "efficiency_or_cop": "85%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 71.7300000000000039790393202565610408782958984375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 75.68000000000000682121026329696178436279296875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.258199999999999985078602549037896096706390380859375, "confidence": "medium", "regional_proxy": "yes", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Statistics Canada Table 18-10-0001, household heating fuel, Toronto CMA", "source_url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1810000101", "notes": "Delivered, taxes-in (ON HST 13%). Toronto CMA monthly value (StatsCan, updated 2026-06-22)." }, { "province_code": "PE", "province_name": "Prince Edward Island", "heat_source": "Cordwood (seasoned hardwood)", "source_id": "cordwood", "unit": "cord", "price_cad_per_unit": 275, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 24, "efficiency_or_cop": "70%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 16.370000000000000994759830064140260219573974609375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 17.269999999999999573674358543939888477325439453125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.058900000000000000965894031423886190168559551239013671875, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Kijiji Prince Edward Island seasoned firewood listings", "source_url": "https://www.kijiji.ca/b-prince-edward-island/seasoned-firewood/k0l9011", "notes": "Small market, wide spread and load-minimum quirks. Delivered seasoned hardwood ~$275/cord (often 6-cord minimum); white birch ~$210, softwood ~$170." }, { "province_code": "PE", "province_name": "Prince Edward Island", "heat_source": "Air-source heat pump (cold-climate)", "source_id": "heat-pump-ashp", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.143699999999999994404475955889211036264896392822265625, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "COP 2.2", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 18.1400000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 19.1400000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.0652999999999999969357844520345679484307765960693359375, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "Cold-climate seasonal COP 2.2 applied to the provincial residential rate. Manufacturers rate 2.0-3.0 seasonal; sub-zero performance varies." }, { "province_code": "PE", "province_name": "Prince Edward Island", "heat_source": "Wood pellets", "source_id": "wood-pellets", "unit": "tonne", "price_cad_per_unit": 435, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 18, "efficiency_or_cop": "80%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 30.21000000000000085265128291212022304534912109375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 31.870000000000000994759830064140260219573974609375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.10879999999999999393818228554664528928697109222412109375, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "yes", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Kent (Maritime chain) wood-pellet category; Maritime regional proxy + island transport premium", "source_url": "https://kent.ca/en/shop/heating-cooling-air-quality/heating-fuels/wood-pellets", "notes": "No island pellet production; supplied from NB/NS via Kent and farm/hardware outlets. Applied Maritime regional price plus a modest transport premium → ~$435/t." }, { "province_code": "PE", "province_name": "Prince Edward Island", "heat_source": "Propane", "source_id": "propane", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.84399999999999997246646898929611779749393463134765625, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.0252999999999999995725641355193147319369018077850341796875, "efficiency_or_cop": "90%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 37.07000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 39.1099999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.1333999999999999908073533561037038452923297882080078125, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "PEI Island Regulatory & Appeals Commission (IRAC) — regulated maximum 'Bulk Propane' (delivered)", "source_url": "https://irac.pe.ca/petrol/current-petroleum-prices/", "notes": "Official regulated 'Bulk Propane' (i.e., delivered to a tank for home heating) maximum: 82.3–86.5 ¢/L across the five licensed suppliers, midpoint 84.4 ¢/L, EXC" }, { "province_code": "PE", "province_name": "Prince Edward Island", "heat_source": "Electric resistance (baseboard)", "source_id": "electric-baseboard", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.143699999999999994404475955889211036264896392822265625, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "100%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 39.9200000000000017053025658242404460906982421875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 42.1099999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.143699999999999994404475955889211036264896392822265625, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "A Bitcoin ASIC is also a ~100%-efficient resistive heater, so its GROSS heat cost equals this baseboard figure at the same rate (before any mining-revenue credit)." }, { "province_code": "PE", "province_name": "Prince Edward Island", "heat_source": "Heating oil (#2 furnace oil)", "source_id": "heating-oil", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 1.7230000000000000870414851306122727692127227783203125, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.03819999999999999784616733222719631157815456390380859375, "efficiency_or_cop": "85%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 53.06000000000000227373675443232059478759765625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 55.99000000000000198951966012828052043914794921875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.191000000000000003108624468950438313186168670654296875, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Island Regulatory & Appeals Commission (IRAC) - Maximum Consumer Price, furnace oil", "source_url": "https://irac.pe.ca/petrol/current-petroleum-prices/", "notes": "Regulated maximum consumer (delivered) price, effective 2026-07-17: 164.1 c/L before tax + 8.2 c/L tax = 172.3 c/L." }, { "province_code": "QC", "province_name": "Quebec", "heat_source": "Air-source heat pump (cold-climate)", "source_id": "heat-pump-ashp", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.07065000000000000446309655899312929250299930572509765625, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "COP 2.2", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 8.9199999999999999289457264239899814128875732421875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 9.410000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.032099999999999996591615314400769420899450778961181640625, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "Cold-climate seasonal COP 2.2 applied to the provincial residential rate. Manufacturers rate 2.0-3.0 seasonal; sub-zero performance varies." }, { "province_code": "QC", "province_name": "Quebec", "heat_source": "Natural gas (condensing furnace)", "source_id": "natural-gas", "unit": "GJ", "price_cad_per_unit": 15, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 1, "efficiency_or_cop": "95%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 15.78999999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 16.660000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.05680000000000000326405569239796022884547710418701171875, "confidence": "medium", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Energir - Conditions of Service and Tariff (Rate D1), Regie de l'energie approved; residential pricing page", "source_url": "https://energir.com/en/residential/customer-centre/billing-and-pricing/pricing", "notes": "All-in effective at a winter-heating month (~400 m3): supply 15.611 c/m3 (June 2026, monthly-indexed) + transport 2.311 + load-balancing 6.290 + SPEDE cap-and-t" }, { "province_code": "QC", "province_name": "Quebec", "heat_source": "Electric resistance (baseboard)", "source_id": "electric-baseboard", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.07065000000000000446309655899312929250299930572509765625, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "100%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 19.629999999999999005240169935859739780426025390625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 20.71000000000000085265128291212022304534912109375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.07069999999999999895639035685235285200178623199462890625, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "A Bitcoin ASIC is also a ~100%-efficient resistive heater, so its GROSS heat cost equals this baseboard figure at the same rate (before any mining-revenue credit)." }, { "province_code": "QC", "province_name": "Quebec", "heat_source": "Cordwood (seasoned hardwood)", "source_id": "cordwood", "unit": "cord", "price_cad_per_unit": 400, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 24, "efficiency_or_cop": "70%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 23.809999999999998721023075631819665431976318359375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 25.120000000000000994759830064140260219573974609375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.08569999999999999840127884453977458178997039794921875, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Combustion Confort (QC firewood pricing guide) + Kijiji QC listings", "source_url": "https://combustionconfort.ca/combien-coute-le-bois-de-chauffage-au-quebec/", "notes": "HIGH measurement risk. Quebec sells by 'la corde'; at retail this is normally a 16-in FACE cord (~42.7 cu ft), quoted ~$120-150 delivered for an erable/bouleau/" }, { "province_code": "QC", "province_name": "Quebec", "heat_source": "Wood pellets", "source_id": "wood-pellets", "unit": "tonne", "price_cad_per_unit": 430, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 18, "efficiency_or_cop": "80%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 29.8599999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 31.510000000000001563194018672220408916473388671875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.10749999999999999833466546306226518936455249786376953125, "confidence": "medium", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Eco-Logic (QC) — Canawick hardwood pellets 40 lb; Granulco/Granules LG (QC producers) via Rona/Réno-Dépôt", "source_url": "https://eco-logic.ca/en/product/hardwood-pellet/", "notes": "Major pellet-producing province (Energex, Lauzon, Granules LG, Granulco)." }, { "province_code": "QC", "province_name": "Quebec", "heat_source": "Propane", "source_id": "propane", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.90000000000000002220446049250313080847263336181640625, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.0252999999999999995725641355193147319369018077850341796875, "efficiency_or_cop": "90%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 39.530000000000001136868377216160297393798828125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 41.7000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.1423000000000000098143715376863838173449039459228515625, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Representative retail estimate (Superior Propane / Énergir residential rates); no official QC residential-delivered series", "source_url": "https://www.superiorpropane.com/propane-price", "notes": "Unregulated; no official province-specific residential price. Estimate ~$0.90/L pre-tax, mid-band between the Atlantic regulated anchors and Ontario." }, { "province_code": "QC", "province_name": "Quebec", "heat_source": "Heating oil (#2 furnace oil)", "source_id": "heating-oil", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 1.9739999999999999769073610877967439591884613037109375, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.03819999999999999784616733222719631157815456390380859375, "efficiency_or_cop": "85%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 60.78999999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 64.1400000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.2189000000000000112354570092065841890871524810791015625, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "yes", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Natural Resources Canada weekly furnace oil survey, Montreal", "source_url": "https://www2.nrcan.gc.ca/eneene/sources/pripri/prices_byfuel_e.cfm?locationName=Montreal&productID=7", "notes": "Delivered, taxes-in. Montreal is NRCan's QC furnace-oil survey point (197.4 c/L, current week July 2026). QC does not cap retail heating-oil prices." }, { "province_code": "SK", "province_name": "Saskatchewan", "heat_source": "Natural gas (condensing furnace)", "source_id": "natural-gas", "unit": "GJ", "price_cad_per_unit": 7.5, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 1, "efficiency_or_cop": "95%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 7.88999999999999968025576890795491635799407958984375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 8.3300000000000000710542735760100185871124267578125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.028400000000000001632027846198980114422738552093505859375, "confidence": "medium", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "SaskEnergy Residential Rates (Crown utility, SRRP-reviewed)", "source_url": "https://www.saskenergy.com/manage-account/rates/residential-rates", "notes": "All-in effective at a winter-heating month: commodity $0.1264/m3 = $3.20/GJ + delivery $0.1113/m3 = $2.82/GJ (SaskEnergy uses 0.03950 GJ/m3) + $26.50/mo basic c" }, { "province_code": "SK", "province_name": "Saskatchewan", "heat_source": "Air-source heat pump (cold-climate)", "source_id": "heat-pump-ashp", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.154760000000000008668621376273222267627716064453125, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "COP 2.2", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 19.53999999999999914734871708787977695465087890625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 20.620000000000000994759830064140260219573974609375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.0703000000000000013766765505351941101253032684326171875, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "Cold-climate seasonal COP 2.2 applied to the provincial residential rate. Manufacturers rate 2.0-3.0 seasonal; sub-zero performance varies." }, { "province_code": "SK", "province_name": "Saskatchewan", "heat_source": "Wood pellets", "source_id": "wood-pellets", "unit": "tonne", "price_cad_per_unit": 390, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 18, "efficiency_or_cop": "80%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 27.0799999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 28.57000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.0975000000000000033306690738754696212708950042724609375, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "yes", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Kijiji Saskatchewan wood-pellet listings; prairie regional proxy (MB/AB)", "source_url": "https://www.kijiji.ca/b-saskatchewan/wood-pellets/k0l9009", "notes": "Little/no in-province production; supplied from AB/BC/MB. Classified listings show ~$5/bag at the low end (older/clearance)." }, { "province_code": "SK", "province_name": "Saskatchewan", "heat_source": "Cordwood (seasoned hardwood)", "source_id": "cordwood", "unit": "cord", "price_cad_per_unit": 475, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 24, "efficiency_or_cop": "70%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 28.269999999999999573674358543939888477325439453125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 29.8299999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.10180000000000000159872115546022541821002960205078125, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Kijiji Saskatchewan (Saskatoon/Regina) seasoned birch listings + Golden Acre", "source_url": "https://www.kijiji.ca/b-saskatchewan/seasoned-firewood/k0l9009", "notes": "Thin market with a wide spread: split seasoned birch (hardwood) $450-625/cord delivered (Saskatoon ~$450-500, some Silton listings $625). $475 representative." }, { "province_code": "SK", "province_name": "Saskatchewan", "heat_source": "Propane", "source_id": "propane", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.84999999999999997779553950749686919152736663818359375, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.0252999999999999995725641355193147319369018077850341796875, "efficiency_or_cop": "90%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 37.3299999999999982946974341757595539093017578125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 39.3900000000000005684341886080801486968994140625, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.1343999999999999916955317758038290776312351226806640625, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "yes", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Representative retail estimate (Prairie regional proxy from AB supplier rates)", "source_url": "https://www.superiorpropane.com/propane-price", "notes": "Unregulated; no SK-specific official price. Prairie-region proxy between Alberta and Manitoba (~$0.85/L pre-tax)." }, { "province_code": "SK", "province_name": "Saskatchewan", "heat_source": "Electric resistance (baseboard)", "source_id": "electric-baseboard", "unit": "kWh", "price_cad_per_unit": 0.154760000000000008668621376273222267627716064453125, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.003599999999999999901467706564517357037402689456939697265625, "efficiency_or_cop": "100%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 42.99000000000000198951966012828052043914794921875, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 45.3599999999999994315658113919198513031005859375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.154799999999999993161026168309035710990428924560546875, "confidence": "high", "regional_proxy": "no", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "D-Central Canada Electricity Rates by Province (single-sourced)", "source_url": "https://d-central.tech/canada-electricity-rates-by-province/", "notes": "A Bitcoin ASIC is also a ~100%-efficient resistive heater, so its GROSS heat cost equals this baseboard figure at the same rate (before any mining-revenue credit)." }, { "province_code": "SK", "province_name": "Saskatchewan", "heat_source": "Heating oil (#2 furnace oil)", "source_id": "heating-oil", "unit": "L", "price_cad_per_unit": 1.7800000000000000266453525910037569701671600341796875, "energy_content_gj_per_unit": 0.03819999999999999784616733222719631157815456390380859375, "efficiency_or_cop": "85%", "delivered_cost_cad_per_gj": 54.82000000000000028421709430404007434844970703125, "delivered_cost_cad_per_mmbtu": 57.840000000000003410605131648480892181396484375, "delivered_cost_cad_per_kwh_thermal": 0.1973999999999999921396209856538916938006877899169921875, "confidence": "low", "regional_proxy": "yes", "as_of": "Q1 2026", "source_name": "Statistics Canada Table 18-10-0001, household heating fuel, Regina CMA", "source_url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1810000101", "notes": "Delivered, taxes-in. Regina CMA monthly value (StatsCan, updated 2026-06-22). Negligible residential oil-heat market (natural gas dominant)." } ] }