{ "meta": { "title": "D-Central — US State Bitcoin Mining Climate", "description": "All 51 US jurisdictions ranked for Bitcoin mining: verified EIA industrial electricity price, regulatory stance + current law, grid operator + demand-response depth, generation mix, mining-fit flag and a composite attractiveness score.", "generated": "2026-06-21T06:34:19+00:00", "version": "1.0", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "source": "https://d-central.tech/us-state-mining-climate/", "record_count": 51, "price_as_of": "March 2026 (YTD)", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Average Price of Electricity to Ultimate Customers, Industrial), March 2026 YTD.", "price_bands": "cheap < 8.0 c/kWh; moderate 8.0-11.0; expensive > 11.0 (vs ~8.9 US industrial average).", "provenance": "Electricity price = EIA EPM 5.6.B (verified). Regulatory stance/law, grid operator, demand-response and generation mix from public policy/ISO facts; NY/AR/TX/KY law status confirmed against authoritative 2024-2025 sources.", "disclaimer": "Industrial c/kWh are EIA STATE AVERAGES, not contracted mining rates -- large interruptible loads routinely contract well below the state average, and ERCOT/flare-gas projects can reach 3-5 c/kWh or lower. Prices are monthly and move; re-check EIA before financial decisions. Regulatory stance is a directional summary, not legal advice. Not financial advice." }, "rows": [ { "id": "tx", "state_code": "TX", "state_name": "Texas", "industrial_cents_kwh": 6.9, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "friendly", "regulatory_note": "No state income tax; ERCOT is the deepest miner demand-response market in North America. SB 1751 (2023) did NOT pass. Governance is now the PUCT large-load registration rule (Nov 2024: virtual-currency facilities >75 MW with >=10% interruptible load must register) and SB 6 (2025): interconnection-cost responsibility, financial assurance, backup-generation disclosure, an ERCOT voluntary demand-reduction product, and conditional curtailment authority during grid emergencies.", "grid_operator": "ERCOT (most of state; El Paso=WECC, edges in SPP/MISO)", "demand_response": "HIGH — ERCOT Controllable Load Resources, Emergency Response Service (ERS), ancillary services, 4CP transmission-charge avoidance; the deepest miner-DR market in North America.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + wind", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "The flagship US mining state: cheap power, deep DR revenue, friendly policy. Cross-links existing post 78647 + ERCOT post 51206 + the demand-response-programs dataset (4 TX rows).", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 8, "attractiveness_score": 93 }, { "id": "ok", "state_code": "OK", "state_name": "Oklahoma", "industrial_cents_kwh": 6.4, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "friendly", "regulatory_note": "Commercial Digital Asset Mining Act of 2022 (HB 4018) grants commercial miners the right to operate + access power without special licensing/discriminatory rates.", "grid_operator": "SPP", "demand_response": "Medium — SPP.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + wind", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Among the cheapest US industrial power + explicit pro-mining statute.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 2, "attractiveness_score": 87 }, { "id": "ky", "state_code": "KY", "state_name": "Kentucky", "industrial_cents_kwh": 7.8, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "friendly", "regulatory_note": "HB 230 (2021) exempts electricity for commercial mining (facility >=200,000 kWh/month) from sales/use + utility gross-receipts tax, ACTIVE for purchases before July 1 2030. SB 255's tangible-property exemption application window closed June 30 2025.", "grid_operator": "PJM (LG&E/KU) + MISO/TVA areas", "demand_response": "Medium-High.", "primary_generation": "Coal", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Explicit mining tax incentives + cheap power.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 17, "attractiveness_score": 85 }, { "id": "ne", "state_code": "NE", "state_name": "Nebraska", "industrial_cents_kwh": 7.6, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "friendly", "regulatory_note": "No restrictive law; 100% public-power state, miners actively courted by public power districts.", "grid_operator": "SPP", "demand_response": "Medium — SPP.", "primary_generation": "Coal + wind + nuclear", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Public-power utilities offer custom industrial mining contracts.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 14, "attractiveness_score": 82 }, { "id": "mt", "state_code": "MT", "state_name": "Montana", "industrial_cents_kwh": 6.8, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "friendly", "regulatory_note": "SB 178 (2023) 'Right to Digital Mining' protects at-home + industrial mining from discriminatory rules; bans discriminatory utility rates.", "grid_operator": "WECC non-RTO (NorthWestern) + SPP (east)", "demand_response": "Low-Medium.", "primary_generation": "Coal + hydro", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "One of the most explicitly pro-mining state laws; cool climate.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 6, "attractiveness_score": 81 }, { "id": "nd", "state_code": "ND", "state_name": "North Dakota", "industrial_cents_kwh": 8.1, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "friendly", "regulatory_note": "No restrictive law; state actively courts miners for flare-gas + stranded power; sales-tax incentives explored.", "grid_operator": "MISO + SPP", "demand_response": "Medium.", "primary_generation": "Coal + wind", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Flare-gas + stranded-wind mining hotspot; very cold climate (free cooling).", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 21, "attractiveness_score": 80 }, { "id": "wv", "state_code": "WV", "state_name": "West Virginia", "industrial_cents_kwh": 8.3, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "PJM", "demand_response": "High — PJM.", "primary_generation": "Coal", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Cheap coal power + PJM DR access.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 24, "attractiveness_score": 78 }, { "id": "la", "state_code": "LA", "state_name": "Louisiana", "industrial_cents_kwh": 6.6, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "MISO South", "demand_response": "Medium.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Very cheap gas power; flare-gas mining niche; hot/humid.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 4, "attractiveness_score": 77 }, { "id": "nm", "state_code": "NM", "state_name": "New Mexico", "industrial_cents_kwh": 5.7, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "WECC non-RTO (PNM) + SPP (east)", "demand_response": "Low-Medium.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + coal + wind", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Cheap power; abundant gas + solar/wind; dry climate.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 1, "attractiveness_score": 76 }, { "id": "ia", "state_code": "IA", "state_name": "Iowa", "industrial_cents_kwh": 6.7, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "MISO", "demand_response": "Medium — MISO LMR.", "primary_generation": "Wind (highest US wind share)", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Abundant wind; curtailment-buyer opportunity.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 5, "attractiveness_score": 76 }, { "id": "wy", "state_code": "WY", "state_name": "Wyoming", "industrial_cents_kwh": 8.8, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "friendly", "regulatory_note": "No corporate/personal income tax; pioneering digital-asset laws (SF0125 2019 etc., DAO/SPDI framework). No discriminatory mining-power law.", "grid_operator": "WECC non-RTO (Rocky Mountain Power) + SPP (east)", "demand_response": "Low-Medium.", "primary_generation": "Coal + wind", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Most crypto-friendly legal framework in the US + cheap coal/wind; cold climate.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 26, "attractiveness_score": 73 }, { "id": "tn", "state_code": "TN", "state_name": "Tennessee", "industrial_cents_kwh": 6.8, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law; TVA territory.", "grid_operator": "TVA (SERC non-RTO federal utility)", "demand_response": "Low-Medium — TVA interruptible/flexible contracts.", "primary_generation": "Nuclear + natural gas + coal", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Cheap TVA power; no state income tax on wages.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 7, "attractiveness_score": 72 }, { "id": "il", "state_code": "IL", "state_name": "Illinois", "industrial_cents_kwh": 9.7, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "PJM (ComEd) + MISO (downstate)", "demand_response": "High — PJM/MISO DR.", "primary_generation": "Nuclear", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Large nuclear fleet; moderate rates.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 34, "attractiveness_score": 72 }, { "id": "id", "state_code": "ID", "state_name": "Idaho", "industrial_cents_kwh": 7, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "WECC non-RTO (Idaho Power, BPA)", "demand_response": "Low-Medium.", "primary_generation": "Hydro", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Cheap hydro + cool climate; clean-energy angle.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 9, "attractiveness_score": 71 }, { "id": "mo", "state_code": "MO", "state_name": "Missouri", "industrial_cents_kwh": 8.1, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "MISO + SPP", "demand_response": "Medium.", "primary_generation": "Coal", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Coal-heavy; moderate rates.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 20, "attractiveness_score": 71 }, { "id": "az", "state_code": "AZ", "state_name": "Arizona", "industrial_cents_kwh": 7.2, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law; some crypto-friendly legislative interest.", "grid_operator": "WECC non-RTO (APS, SRP, TEP)", "demand_response": "Low-Medium — utility programs.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + nuclear (Palo Verde) + solar", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Extreme summer heat raises cooling cost; growing solar.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 11, "attractiveness_score": 70 }, { "id": "ks", "state_code": "KS", "state_name": "Kansas", "industrial_cents_kwh": 8.3, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "SPP", "demand_response": "Medium — SPP DR.", "primary_generation": "Wind + natural gas", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "High wind; SPP curtailment exposure.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 22, "attractiveness_score": 70 }, { "id": "in", "state_code": "IN", "state_name": "Indiana", "industrial_cents_kwh": 9.3, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "MISO + PJM", "demand_response": "Medium-High.", "primary_generation": "Coal + natural gas", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Coal-heavy; moderate rates.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 29, "attractiveness_score": 70 }, { "id": "mi", "state_code": "MI", "state_name": "Michigan", "industrial_cents_kwh": 9.3, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "MISO + PJM", "demand_response": "Medium-High.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + nuclear + coal", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Cool climate; moderate rates.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 30, "attractiveness_score": 70 }, { "id": "va", "state_code": "VA", "state_name": "Virginia", "industrial_cents_kwh": 10.3, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "PJM", "demand_response": "High — PJM (but datacenter demand straining supply).", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + nuclear", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "'Datacenter alley' competition for power + grid capacity.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 35, "attractiveness_score": 70 }, { "id": "ar", "state_code": "AR", "state_name": "Arkansas", "industrial_cents_kwh": 6.6, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "mixed", "regulatory_note": "The 'Right to Mine' Act 851 of 2023 was curtailed by 2024 SB 78 / SB 79: noise limits, a ban on ownership by prohibited foreign parties (CCP-linked entities), and restored local-government authority to regulate mines. The original blanket pre-emption of local rules has been rolled back.", "grid_operator": "MISO South (some SPP)", "demand_response": "Medium — MISO LMR/DRR.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + nuclear + coal", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Right-to-mine momentum partly walked back by noise/ownership rules.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 3, "attractiveness_score": 69 }, { "id": "ga", "state_code": "GA", "state_name": "Georgia", "industrial_cents_kwh": 7.6, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No restrictive law; large industrial loads accommodated (sales-tax treatment of mining equipment debated).", "grid_operator": "SERC non-RTO (Georgia Power/Southern Co.)", "demand_response": "Low-Medium.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + nuclear (Vogtle 3&4 online)", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Cheap regulated nuclear/gas; established mining presence.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 12, "attractiveness_score": 69 }, { "id": "ms", "state_code": "MS", "state_name": "Mississippi", "industrial_cents_kwh": 7.6, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "MISO South + SERC", "demand_response": "Low-Medium.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Cheap gas power; hot/humid.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 13, "attractiveness_score": 69 }, { "id": "nv", "state_code": "NV", "state_name": "Nevada", "industrial_cents_kwh": 7.6, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "Blockchain-friendly legislative history (e.g., SB 398 2017) but no mining-power law.", "grid_operator": "WECC non-RTO (NV Energy)", "demand_response": "Low-Medium.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + solar", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Dry climate; growing solar + geothermal.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 15, "attractiveness_score": 69 }, { "id": "oh", "state_code": "OH", "state_name": "Ohio", "industrial_cents_kwh": 10.5, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law; deregulated retail market.", "grid_operator": "PJM", "demand_response": "High — PJM.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + nuclear", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Deregulated supplier choice + PJM DR. Matches existing post 78682.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 36, "attractiveness_score": 69 }, { "id": "al", "state_code": "AL", "state_name": "Alabama", "industrial_cents_kwh": 7.8, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law; standard industrial tariffs.", "grid_operator": "SERC (vertically integrated: Alabama Power/Southern Co., TVA in north)", "demand_response": "Low-Medium — bilateral interruptible tariffs only; no organized DR market.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + nuclear", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Cheap regulated power, hot/humid climate (cooling load).", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 16, "attractiveness_score": 68 }, { "id": "nc", "state_code": "NC", "state_name": "North Carolina", "industrial_cents_kwh": 7.9, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "SERC non-RTO (Duke Energy)", "demand_response": "Low-Medium.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + nuclear", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Cheap regulated power; humid climate.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 18, "attractiveness_score": 68 }, { "id": "or", "state_code": "OR", "state_name": "Oregon", "industrial_cents_kwh": 8, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "WECC non-RTO (PacifiCorp, BPA, PGE)", "demand_response": "Low-Medium.", "primary_generation": "Hydro + natural gas", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Cheap hydro historically but datacenter demand tightening supply.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 19, "attractiveness_score": 67 }, { "id": "wi", "state_code": "WI", "state_name": "Wisconsin", "industrial_cents_kwh": 9.1, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "MISO", "demand_response": "Medium.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + coal", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Cold climate; moderate rates.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 27, "attractiveness_score": 67 }, { "id": "sc", "state_code": "SC", "state_name": "South Carolina", "industrial_cents_kwh": 8.3, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "SERC non-RTO (Dominion SC, Santee Cooper, Duke)", "demand_response": "Low-Medium.", "primary_generation": "Nuclear + natural gas", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Cheap regulated nuclear; humid climate.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 23, "attractiveness_score": 66 }, { "id": "ut", "state_code": "UT", "state_name": "Utah", "industrial_cents_kwh": 8.4, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law; crypto-friendly legislative interest.", "grid_operator": "WECC non-RTO (PacifiCorp/Rocky Mountain Power)", "demand_response": "Low-Medium.", "primary_generation": "Coal + natural gas", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Cheap power; dry climate aids cooling.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 25, "attractiveness_score": 66 }, { "id": "mn", "state_code": "MN", "state_name": "Minnesota", "industrial_cents_kwh": 9.3, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "MISO", "demand_response": "Medium.", "primary_generation": "Coal + nuclear + wind", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Cold climate aids cooling; moderate rates.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 31, "attractiveness_score": 66 }, { "id": "sd", "state_code": "SD", "state_name": "South Dakota", "industrial_cents_kwh": 9.3, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "MISO + SPP/WECC", "demand_response": "Medium.", "primary_generation": "Hydro + wind", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Clean hydro/wind; cold climate; small load base.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 32, "attractiveness_score": 66 }, { "id": "wa", "state_code": "WA", "state_name": "Washington", "industrial_cents_kwh": 7, "price_band": "cheap", "regulatory_stance": "mixed", "regulatory_note": "No state ban, but several public utility districts (Chelan, Douglas, Grant County PUDs) imposed crypto-specific higher rate classes / moratoria / load caps after 2018 — siting is PUD-dependent.", "grid_operator": "WECC non-RTO (BPA, PSE, Seattle/Tacoma)", "demand_response": "Low-Medium.", "primary_generation": "Hydro", "ideal_mining": true, "notable": "Cheapest US industrial power (hydro) + cool climate, BUT PUD-level crypto restrictions are the catch. Matches existing post 78651.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 10, "attractiveness_score": 64 }, { "id": "pa", "state_code": "PA", "state_name": "Pennsylvania", "industrial_cents_kwh": 11.8, "price_band": "expensive", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law; deregulated; abundant gas.", "grid_operator": "PJM", "demand_response": "High — PJM.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + nuclear", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Marcellus gas + on-site/behind-meter gas mining niche.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 38, "attractiveness_score": 64 }, { "id": "fl", "state_code": "FL", "state_name": "Florida", "industrial_cents_kwh": 9.3, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "SERC/FRCC vertically integrated (FPL/NextEra, Duke FL)", "demand_response": "Low-Medium — utility interruptible tariffs.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Heat + humidity raise cooling cost; matches existing /bitcoin-mining-in-florida.../ guide.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 28, "attractiveness_score": 62 }, { "id": "co", "state_code": "CO", "state_name": "Colorado", "industrial_cents_kwh": 9.5, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "WECC non-RTO (Xcel/PSCo); joining organized markets", "demand_response": "Low-Medium.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + coal + wind", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Moderate rates; cool/dry climate aids cooling.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 33, "attractiveness_score": 61 }, { "id": "de", "state_code": "DE", "state_name": "Delaware", "industrial_cents_kwh": 12.6, "price_band": "expensive", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "PJM", "demand_response": "High — PJM capacity/emergency/economic DR.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "PJM DR access but mid-high rates.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 39, "attractiveness_score": 61 }, { "id": "ny", "state_code": "NY", "state_name": "New York", "industrial_cents_kwh": 10.9, "price_band": "moderate", "regulatory_stance": "mixed", "regulatory_note": "The 2022 Proof-of-Work mining moratorium (S.6486D/A.7389C, signed Nov 22 2022) EXPIRED Nov 22 2024 and was NOT renewed; NY DEC issued a draft Generic EIS on PoW mining (May 2025). No permit ban is in force as of 2026, though a PoW-electricity excise-tax bill was introduced in 2025 (not enacted). Cheap upstate hydro, but lingering regulatory uncertainty.", "grid_operator": "NYISO", "demand_response": "Medium — NYISO SCR/EDRP.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + nuclear + hydro", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "First US state to enact a PoW-specific moratorium; cheap upstate hydro but hostile signal. Matches existing post 78650.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 37, "attractiveness_score": 52 }, { "id": "vt", "state_code": "VT", "state_name": "Vermont", "industrial_cents_kwh": 13.1, "price_band": "expensive", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "ISO-NE", "demand_response": "Medium.", "primary_generation": "Hydro + renewables", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Clean grid but high Northeast rates; small load base.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 40, "attractiveness_score": 51 }, { "id": "nj", "state_code": "NJ", "state_name": "New Jersey", "industrial_cents_kwh": 15.1, "price_band": "expensive", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "PJM", "demand_response": "High — PJM.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + nuclear", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "PJM DR but high rates.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 41, "attractiveness_score": 51 }, { "id": "md", "state_code": "MD", "state_name": "Maryland", "industrial_cents_kwh": 17.3, "price_band": "expensive", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "PJM", "demand_response": "High — PJM.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + nuclear", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "PJM DR access; mid-high rates.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 42, "attractiveness_score": 42 }, { "id": "dc", "state_code": "DC", "state_name": "District of Columbia", "industrial_cents_kwh": 21.1, "price_band": "expensive", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law; no industrial siting.", "grid_operator": "PJM", "demand_response": "High — PJM.", "primary_generation": "Imports (minimal in-district generation)", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Not a practical mining jurisdiction; included for completeness.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 48, "attractiveness_score": 41 }, { "id": "ca", "state_code": "CA", "state_name": "California", "industrial_cents_kwh": 19.4, "price_band": "expensive", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law or ban. CEQA permitting and grid constraints add friction, but the real barrier is the very high industrial electricity rate (see the price column) — behind-the-meter solar is the only viable niche.", "grid_operator": "CAISO", "demand_response": "Medium-High — CAISO PDR/DRAM, ELRP.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + solar", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Among the highest US industrial rates; behind-the-meter solar only viable niche.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 45, "attractiveness_score": 37 }, { "id": "me", "state_code": "ME", "state_name": "Maine", "industrial_cents_kwh": 17.4, "price_band": "expensive", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "ISO-NE", "demand_response": "Medium.", "primary_generation": "Hydro + natural gas + renewables", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Cool climate but Northeast rates.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 43, "attractiveness_score": 34 }, { "id": "nh", "state_code": "NH", "state_name": "New Hampshire", "industrial_cents_kwh": 19.3, "price_band": "expensive", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific power law; crypto-friendly political climate.", "grid_operator": "ISO-NE", "demand_response": "Medium.", "primary_generation": "Nuclear (Seabrook) + natural gas", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "High Northeast rates; matches existing post 24066.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 44, "attractiveness_score": 33 }, { "id": "ct", "state_code": "CT", "state_name": "Connecticut", "industrial_cents_kwh": 20.4, "price_band": "expensive", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "ISO-NE", "demand_response": "Medium — ISO-NE capacity-market DR.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + nuclear", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "High Northeast rates.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 46, "attractiveness_score": 33 }, { "id": "ma", "state_code": "MA", "state_name": "Massachusetts", "industrial_cents_kwh": 20.8, "price_band": "expensive", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "ISO-NE", "demand_response": "Medium.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "High Northeast rates.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 47, "attractiveness_score": 33 }, { "id": "ri", "state_code": "RI", "state_name": "Rhode Island", "industrial_cents_kwh": 21.3, "price_band": "expensive", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "ISO-NE", "demand_response": "Medium.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Among highest US rates.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 49, "attractiveness_score": 33 }, { "id": "ak", "state_code": "AK", "state_name": "Alaska", "industrial_cents_kwh": 22.3, "price_band": "expensive", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "Isolated (Railbelt + remote microgrids); no RTO", "demand_response": "Low — utility-specific.", "primary_generation": "Natural gas + hydro", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "High cost + isolated grid; niche stranded-gas/flare projects only.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 50, "attractiveness_score": 26 }, { "id": "hi", "state_code": "HI", "state_name": "Hawaii", "industrial_cents_kwh": 33.1, "price_band": "expensive", "regulatory_stance": "neutral", "regulatory_note": "No mining-specific law.", "grid_operator": "Isolated island grids (HECO)", "demand_response": "Low.", "primary_generation": "Petroleum + solar", "ideal_mining": false, "notable": "Highest US electricity prices; mining uneconomic.", "price_source": "EIA Electric Power Monthly Table 5.6.B (Industrial), March 2026 YTD", "price_rank": 51, "attractiveness_score": 26 } ] }