{ "meta": { "title": "D-Central Bitcoin Mining Pool Database", "version": "1.0", "date_as_of": "2026-06-15", "generated": "2026-06-15T23:35:44+00:00", "record_count": 18, "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "source": "https://d-central.tech/data/mining-pool-database/", "score_criteria": "5=non-custodial+miner-templates+<2%+min-fee; 4=<5%+SV2-or-Lightning+transparent; 3=<10%+custodial+transparent; 2=5-25%+custodial+opaque; 1=>20%-single-entity-or-private-pool.", "disclaimer": "Data as of June 2026. Pool fees change and some pools negotiate custom rates. Verify all fees and minimum payouts at each pool's official source before routing hashrate. Hashrate share figures are approximate 7-day trailing averages and will change over time.", "downloads": { "csv": "https://d-central.tech/wp-content/uploads/data/dcentral-mining-pool-database.csv", "json": "https://d-central.tech/wp-content/uploads/data/dcentral-mining-pool-database.json" } }, "rows": [ { "name": "Foundry USA Pool", "operator": "Foundry Digital LLC (subsidiary of Digital Currency Group)", "operator_country": "US", "fee_fpps_pct": null, "fee_pplns_pct": null, "fee_pps_plus_pct": null, "fee_note": "Not publicly disclosed. Foundry FAQ confirms tiered pricing evaluated quarterly by group hashrate. Third-party tracker MiningPoolStats lists 0%. Industry reports (Bitcoin Magazine, 2024) indicate Foundry transitioned from zero-fee to tiered institutional pricing. Contact Foundry directly for current tier rates. Verify at source before routing hashrate.", "payout_scheme": "FPPS", "payout_schemes_available": [ "FPPS" ], "stratum_v2": false, "stratum_v2_note": "Foundry joined the SV2 Working Group in 2024. No active SV2 job-negotiation (miner-selected block templates) confirmed in production as of June 2026. Verify at source.", "block_template_control": false, "custodial": "yes", "min_payout_btc": null, "min_payout_note": "Daily auto-withdrawal available 09:00–17:00 UTC. Minimum threshold not publicly disclosed. Contact Foundry.", "open_to_public": true, "decentralization_score": 1, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 30.10000000000000142108547152020037174224853515625, "source_url": "https://pool-faq.foundrydigital.com/what-is-foundry-usa-pools-payout-methodology", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "Largest Bitcoin mining pool by network hashrate (~30%, June 2026). Institutional focus; targets large-scale operators. FPPS daily payouts. Tiered fee structure by quarterly hashrate — exact tiers are confidential; contact Foundry for quote. Single-pool concentration exceeding 30% is a well-documented systemic decentralization concern. Verify fees at source before mining." }, { "name": "AntPool", "operator": "Bitmain Technologies Ltd.", "operator_country": "CN", "fee_fpps_pct": 2.5, "fee_pplns_pct": 1.5, "fee_pps_plus_pct": null, "fee_note": "2.5% FPPS; 1.5% PPLNS. Confirmed by multiple independent sources (OBM, Spark pool comparison). Minimum payout 0.001 BTC. Verify at antpool.com for current rates.", "payout_scheme": "FPPS", "payout_schemes_available": [ "FPPS", "PPLNS" ], "stratum_v2": false, "stratum_v2_note": "Bitmain / AntPool joined the SV2 Working Group in 2024. No confirmed SV2 job-negotiation in production as of June 2026.", "block_template_control": false, "custodial": "yes", "min_payout_btc": 0.001000000000000000020816681711721685132943093776702880859375, "min_payout_note": "0.001 BTC minimum on-chain. Daily payouts. On-chain BTC only; no Lightning option.", "open_to_public": true, "decentralization_score": 1, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 18.300000000000000710542735760100185871124267578125, "source_url": "https://www.antpool.com/", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "Operated by Bitmain, the dominant Bitcoin ASIC manufacturer. Second-largest pool globally (~18%, June 2026). Bitmain's dual role as both hardware maker and pool operator creates a structural conflict of interest noted by Bitcoin researchers. No Lightning payouts. Verify fees at source." }, { "name": "ViaBTC", "operator": "ViaBTC Technology Co. Ltd.", "operator_country": "CN", "fee_fpps_pct": null, "fee_pplns_pct": 2, "fee_pps_plus_pct": 4, "fee_note": "4% PPS+ (default); 2% PPLNS. Confirmed directly from viabtc.com/pricing. ViaBTC uses PPS+ as its primary BTC scheme — not FPPS. PPS+ bundles block subsidies and transaction fees in a fixed-payout model. Minimum payout 0.001 BTC. Verify at source.", "payout_scheme": "PPS+", "payout_schemes_available": [ "PPS+", "PPLNS" ], "stratum_v2": false, "stratum_v2_note": "No confirmed SV2 support as of June 2026.", "block_template_control": false, "custodial": "yes", "min_payout_btc": 0.001000000000000000020816681711721685132943093776702880859375, "min_payout_note": "0.001 BTC minimum; hourly payouts in PPS+ mode. ViaBTC covers outgoing transaction fees.", "open_to_public": true, "decentralization_score": 2, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 13, "source_url": "https://www.viabtc.com/pricing", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "Third-largest pool (~13%, June 2026). Founded 2016 by Haipo Yang; historically associated with Bitmain investment. PPS+ is the primary BTC scheme (a common confusion: ViaBTC does NOT list FPPS as a named option). 4% PPS+ fee is on the higher side for pooled mining. No Lightning payouts. Verify fees at source." }, { "name": "F2Pool", "operator": "F2Pool Group (Wang Chun & Mao Shixing)", "operator_country": "CN", "fee_fpps_pct": 4, "fee_pplns_pct": 2, "fee_pps_plus_pct": null, "fee_note": "4% FPPS; 2% PPLNS. Confirmed from F2Pool help center (f2pool.zendesk.com). F2Pool covers outgoing blockchain network fees on withdrawals. Default minimum payout 0.005 BTC (configurable down to 0.001 BTC). Verify at f2pool.io.", "payout_scheme": "FPPS", "payout_schemes_available": [ "FPPS", "PPLNS" ], "stratum_v2": false, "stratum_v2_note": "F2Pool joined the SV2 Working Group in 2024. No confirmed SV2 job-negotiation in production as of June 2026.", "block_template_control": false, "custodial": "yes", "min_payout_btc": 0.005000000000000000104083408558608425664715468883514404296875, "min_payout_note": "0.005 BTC default minimum (configurable to 0.001 BTC in account settings). F2Pool covers network transaction fees on payouts.", "open_to_public": true, "decentralization_score": 2, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 10, "source_url": "https://f2pool.io/", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "One of the oldest pools (est. 2013); fourth-largest by hashrate (~10%, June 2026). FPPS fee of 4% is among the highest standard rates. Multi-coin pool supporting many algorithms. No Lightning payouts. Verify fees at source." }, { "name": "SpiderPool", "operator": "SpiderPool Technology", "operator_country": "CN", "fee_fpps_pct": 4, "fee_pplns_pct": null, "fee_pps_plus_pct": null, "fee_note": "Standard FPPS fee 4%. April 2026 Compass Mining partnership offered Compass customers 1% FPPS (a 75% reduction); standard retail rate remains 4%. Verify at spiderpool.com for current rates.", "payout_scheme": "FPPS", "payout_schemes_available": [ "FPPS" ], "stratum_v2": false, "stratum_v2_note": "SpiderPool joined the SV2 Working Group in 2024. No confirmed SV2 job-negotiation in production as of June 2026.", "block_template_control": false, "custodial": "yes", "min_payout_btc": 0.005000000000000000104083408558608425664715468883514404296875, "min_payout_note": "0.005 BTC minimum (confirmed by Spark pool comparison). Verify at source.", "open_to_public": true, "decentralization_score": 2, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 8.800000000000000710542735760100185871124267578125, "source_url": "https://www.spiderpool.com/", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "Rapidly grown to fifth-largest pool globally (~9%, June 2026). Institutional FPPS focus, primarily serving Asian operators. Standard 4% fee is high; negotiated rates available via partnerships. Limited public documentation on fee transparency. Verify fees at source before routing hashrate." }, { "name": "MARA Pool", "operator": "Marathon Digital Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: MARA)", "operator_country": "US", "fee_fpps_pct": null, "fee_pplns_pct": null, "fee_pps_plus_pct": null, "fee_note": "N/A — private pool not open to outside miners. Marathon captures all block rewards and transaction fees internally, eliminating external pool fees for its own operations.", "payout_scheme": "Internal (not applicable to outside miners)", "payout_schemes_available": [], "stratum_v2": false, "stratum_v2_note": "MARA Foundation joined the SV2 Working Group in 2024. No confirmed SV2 job-negotiation in production as of June 2026.", "block_template_control": false, "custodial": "n/a", "min_payout_btc": null, "min_payout_note": "N/A — private pool. Outside miners cannot route hashrate to MARA Pool.", "open_to_public": false, "decentralization_score": 1, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 5.70000000000000017763568394002504646778106689453125, "source_url": "https://www.mara.com/", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "Private pool operated exclusively by Marathon Digital Holdings (~6%, June 2026). Not open to outside miners. Listed here to account for the concentration of hashrate in corporate-only pools that are invisible to external miners. As the listed cohort of private corporate pools grows, the addressable public pool market shrinks. Deployed hashrate: ~64 EH/s Q1 2026." }, { "name": "SecPool", "operator": "SecPool Technology (operator details limited)", "operator_country": "CN", "fee_fpps_pct": null, "fee_pplns_pct": null, "fee_pps_plus_pct": null, "fee_note": "Not publicly disclosed. Uses FPPS payout method per independent trackers; fee rate unconfirmed in official documentation. Verify at secpool.com before mining.", "payout_scheme": "FPPS", "payout_schemes_available": [ "FPPS" ], "stratum_v2": false, "stratum_v2_note": "No confirmed SV2 support as of June 2026.", "block_template_control": false, "custodial": "yes", "min_payout_btc": null, "min_payout_note": "Not publicly confirmed. Verify at source.", "open_to_public": true, "decentralization_score": 2, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 4.9000000000000003552713678800500929355621337890625, "source_url": "https://secpool.com/", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "Emerging pool primarily serving Asian institutional miners (~5%, June 2026). Limited public documentation on fees, minimum payouts, and operational transparency. Short track record compared to established pools. Verify all terms directly before routing hashrate." }, { "name": "Binance Pool", "operator": "Binance (global exchange)", "operator_country": "GLOBAL", "fee_fpps_pct": null, "fee_pplns_pct": null, "fee_pps_plus_pct": null, "fee_note": "Not publicly confirmed on pool.binance.com. Independent sources cite figures ranging from 2.5% to 4% FPPS; sources disagree and no single rate is confirmed from Binance's official pool page as of June 2026. Very low minimum payout of 0.0001 BTC confirmed. Verify directly at pool.binance.com before mining.", "payout_scheme": "FPPS", "payout_schemes_available": [ "FPPS", "PPS+", "PPLNS" ], "stratum_v2": false, "stratum_v2_note": "No confirmed SV2 support as of June 2026.", "block_template_control": false, "custodial": "yes", "min_payout_btc": 0.000100000000000000004792173602385929598312941379845142364501953125, "min_payout_note": "0.0001 BTC minimum (one of the lowest industry minimums; confirmed). Rewards payable to Binance spot account or external Bitcoin address.", "open_to_public": true, "decentralization_score": 2, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 2.29999999999999982236431605997495353221893310546875, "source_url": "https://pool.binance.com/", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "Mining arm of Binance, the large centralized exchange (~2.3%, June 2026). Miners can route rewards directly to a Binance spot account. Exchange custody introduces counterparty risk beyond the usual pool custody risk. Fee not publicly confirmed; verify before mining. Exceptionally low 0.0001 BTC minimum payout." }, { "name": "Luxor", "operator": "Luxor Technology Corporation", "operator_country": "US", "fee_fpps_pct": null, "fee_pplns_pct": null, "fee_pps_plus_pct": null, "fee_note": "Not posted publicly. Luxor docs describe a \"discount to spot FPPS\" model (the discount IS the pool fee). Industry partners cite negotiated rates of ~0.7% (Sazmining); standard accounts reportedly ~2–3% per independent sources. Withdrawal fee: +0.000075 BTC per payment. Verify at luxor.tech or contact sales for current rates.", "payout_scheme": "FPPS", "payout_schemes_available": [ "FPPS" ], "stratum_v2": false, "stratum_v2_note": "Exploring SV2; no confirmed job-negotiation in production as of June 2026.", "block_template_control": false, "custodial": "yes", "min_payout_btc": 0.001000000000000000020816681711721685132943093776702880859375, "min_payout_note": "0.001 BTC minimum withdrawal + 0.000075 BTC withdrawal fee (total: 0.001075 BTC required). Daily, weekly, or monthly payout cycle. Confirmed from docs.luxor.tech.", "open_to_public": true, "decentralization_score": 3, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 3.399999999999999911182158029987476766109466552734375, "source_url": "https://docs.luxor.tech/platform/mining/revenue-payments", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "U.S.-based institutional pool (~3.4%, June 2026). SOC 2 Type 2 certified. Offers hashrate derivatives and forward markets (fixed-price hash contracts). Minimum payout confirmed at 0.001 BTC + 0.000075 BTC withdrawal fee. Fee rate is not on the website; negotiate directly. Relatively transparent operations; US jurisdiction." }, { "name": "SBI Crypto", "operator": "SBI Crypto Co., Ltd. (subsidiary of SBI Holdings)", "operator_country": "JP", "fee_fpps_pct": null, "fee_pplns_pct": null, "fee_pps_plus_pct": null, "fee_note": "Not publicly disclosed. Uses FPPS payout per independent trackers; specific fee rate unconfirmed. Contact mining.sbi-crypto.com for current rates.", "payout_scheme": "FPPS", "payout_schemes_available": [ "FPPS" ], "stratum_v2": false, "stratum_v2_note": "No confirmed SV2 support as of June 2026.", "block_template_control": false, "custodial": "yes", "min_payout_btc": null, "min_payout_note": "Not publicly confirmed. Verify at source.", "open_to_public": true, "decentralization_score": 3, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 1.3000000000000000444089209850062616169452667236328125, "source_url": "https://mining.sbi-crypto.com/", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "Japanese institutional mining pool (~1.3%, June 2026). Subsidiary of SBI Holdings, a large Japanese financial services group. Publicly accessible since 2023. Operates under Japanese financial regulation. Small hashrate share contributes geographic diversification away from the China-majority pool cluster." }, { "name": "PEGA Pool", "operator": "PEGA Pool", "operator_country": "GLOBAL", "fee_fpps_pct": 2, "fee_pplns_pct": null, "fee_pps_plus_pct": null, "fee_note": "2% FPPS standard; 1% FPPS for miners providing verifiable renewable energy certificates (50% discount). Confirmed from pega-pool.com and multiple reviews. Verify at source for current rate.", "payout_scheme": "FPPS", "payout_schemes_available": [ "FPPS" ], "stratum_v2": false, "stratum_v2_note": "No confirmed SV2 support as of June 2026.", "block_template_control": false, "custodial": "yes", "min_payout_btc": null, "min_payout_note": "Not publicly confirmed. Verify at pega-pool.com.", "open_to_public": true, "decentralization_score": 3, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 0.5, "source_url": "https://www.pega-pool.com/", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "Bitcoin-only FPPS pool launched 2023. Eco-focused: 1% fee (vs standard 2%) for miners providing verifiable renewable energy certificates. Small hashrate share. Funds renewable energy initiatives and tree-planting programs. Sensible for miners with genuine green energy who want to reduce fees and demonstrate environmental commitment." }, { "name": "EMCD", "operator": "EMCD Technology Ltd.", "operator_country": "EU", "fee_fpps_pct": 4, "fee_pplns_pct": null, "fee_pps_plus_pct": null, "fee_note": "4% BTC mining fee (confirmed from emcd.io/pool/bitcoin). Reducible to 0% only if rewards are stored in EMCD's proprietary Coinhold product — introducing additional counterparty risk in that product. VIP terms negotiated for high-hashrate miners. Verify at source.", "payout_scheme": "FPPS", "payout_schemes_available": [ "FPPS" ], "stratum_v2": false, "stratum_v2_note": "No confirmed SV2 support as of June 2026.", "block_template_control": false, "custodial": "yes", "min_payout_btc": 0.001000000000000000020816681711721685132943093776702880859375, "min_payout_note": "0.001 BTC minimum. Daily payouts approximately 16:00–17:00 UTC+3.", "open_to_public": true, "decentralization_score": 2, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 0.299999999999999988897769753748434595763683319091796875, "source_url": "https://emcd.io/pool/bitcoin/", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "European multi-coin pool integrated with the EMCD digital finance ecosystem (~0.3%, June 2026). 4% fee is on the high side. The 0% Coinhold option reduces the pool fee but routes rewards into EMCD's custodial savings product, adding a separate custody layer. Small hashrate share. VIP terms negotiated for high-hashrate miners." }, { "name": "Braiins Pool", "operator": "Braiins Systems s.r.o. (founded 2010 as Slush Pool by Marek Palatinus)", "operator_country": "CZ", "fee_fpps_pct": 2, "fee_pplns_pct": 0, "fee_pps_plus_pct": null, "fee_note": "2% FPPS standard; 0% PPLNS; 0% FPPS for miners running Braiins OS+ firmware (confirmed from braiins.com/pool). Miners on Braiins OS pay no pool fee regardless of payout scheme. Lightning payouts carry no additional fee and have no minimum. Verify at pool.braiins.com.", "payout_scheme": "FPPS", "payout_schemes_available": [ "FPPS", "PPLNS" ], "stratum_v2": true, "stratum_v2_note": "Braiins co-developed Stratum V2 alongside Bitcoin developer Matt Corallo. Full production SV2 support including Job Negotiation Protocol: miners can run a local Bitcoin node, build their own block templates, and propose them to the pool — the pool does not dictate transaction inclusion. World's first pool to offer SV2 job-negotiation in production.", "block_template_control": true, "custodial": "partial", "min_payout_btc": 0.001000000000000000020816681711721685132943093776702880859375, "min_payout_note": "0.001 BTC on-chain minimum. No minimum via Lightning Network. Braiins was the first pool to offer Lightning payouts (February 2024); processes 1,000+ daily Lightning payments.", "open_to_public": true, "decentralization_score": 4, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 1.5, "source_url": "https://pool.braiins.com/", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "World's first Bitcoin mining pool (November 2010). Pioneer of Stratum V2: the only major established pool with full SV2 job-negotiation in production, letting miners select their own block transactions. Lightning payouts with no minimum. 0% fee for Braiins OS users. Small network share (~1.5%) strengthens Bitcoin's decentralization. Shoulders-of-giants note: Slush Pool, Braiins, and Matt Corallo's work on SV2 laid the foundation for miner-controlled block templates." }, { "name": "DMND (Demand)", "operator": "DMND Inc.", "operator_country": "US", "fee_fpps_pct": null, "fee_pplns_pct": null, "fee_pps_plus_pct": null, "fee_note": "Not publicly posted on website. Launched with a 0% fee promotion for founding miners (first 2 months). Post-promotion standard fee unconfirmed. SLICE payout system described as fully auditable. Verify at dmnd.work for current rates.", "payout_scheme": "SLICE", "payout_schemes_available": [ "SLICE" ], "stratum_v2": true, "stratum_v2_note": "DMND is purpose-built from inception on Stratum V2 using the Stratum Reference Implementation (SRI) codebase. Full SV2 Job Declaration: miners run their own Bitcoin nodes and select block transactions. First mining pool purpose-built entirely on SV2.", "block_template_control": true, "custodial": "yes", "min_payout_btc": null, "min_payout_note": "Not publicly confirmed as of June 2026. Verify at dmnd.work.", "open_to_public": true, "decentralization_score": 4, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625, "source_url": "https://dmnd.work/", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "Launched 2025 as the first mining pool purpose-built on Stratum V2 (SRI codebase). SLICE is an auditable, transparent proportional payout mechanism. Small hashrate as of June 2026 (recently launched). Significant for the SV2 ecosystem: demonstrates that a production pool can run entirely on open SV2 infrastructure from day one. Verify fees and payout details at source before routing hashrate." }, { "name": "OCEAN", "operator": "OCEAN Mining (Luke Dashjr et al.)", "operator_country": "GLOBAL", "fee_fpps_pct": null, "fee_pplns_pct": null, "fee_pps_plus_pct": null, "fee_note": "2% standard TIDES fee; 1% for miners using the DATUM Gateway (50% discount for supporting decentralized block template selection). TIDES is an auditable PPLNS variant, not FPPS. Confirmed from ocean.xyz and multiple sources. Verify at ocean.xyz.", "payout_scheme": "TIDES", "payout_schemes_available": [ "TIDES" ], "stratum_v2": false, "stratum_v2_note": "OCEAN uses DATUM (Decentralized Alternative Template & Unified Mining) — a block template distribution protocol enabling miners to select their own transactions. DATUM is a distinct protocol from SV2 but achieves the same decentralization goal. Stratum V2 = false here reflects strict protocol labelling; block_template_control = true reflects the functional reality.", "block_template_control": true, "custodial": "no", "min_payout_btc": 1.0000000000000000818030539140313095458623138256371021270751953125e-5, "min_payout_note": "0.00001 BTC minimum via Lightning Network. On-chain threshold varies. OCEAN pays miners directly in the block's coinbase transaction — the Bitcoin never enters OCEAN's wallet. Truly non-custodial.", "open_to_public": true, "decentralization_score": 5, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 1, "source_url": "https://ocean.xyz/", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "Maximum-decentralization pool. Non-custodial: miners are paid directly in the block's coinbase transaction — OCEAN never holds miner funds. DATUM allows miners to build their own block templates. 1% fee incentivizes DATUM adoption. TIDES is an auditable transparent PPLNS variant ensuring proportional payouts without a pool-held reserve. Tether (via its hashrate operations) deployed to OCEAN with DATUM in April 2025. Lightning minimum payout: 0.00001 BTC. Shoulders-of-giants note: Luke Dashjr and the OCEAN team built on foundational Bitcoin infrastructure work by many contributors." }, { "name": "CKPool (Solo)", "operator": "Dr. Con Kolivas (open-source individual, Australia)", "operator_country": "AU", "fee_fpps_pct": null, "fee_pplns_pct": null, "fee_pps_plus_pct": null, "fee_note": "2% fee charged only on blocks found. If no block is found, no fee is ever paid. Miners keep 98% of block reward plus all transaction fees. Confirmed from solo.ckpool.org and multiple sources. Verify at source.", "payout_scheme": "Solo", "payout_schemes_available": [ "Solo" ], "stratum_v2": false, "stratum_v2_note": "Uses Stratum V1. No SV2 job-negotiation. Block template is pool-constructed (CKPool selects transactions).", "block_template_control": false, "custodial": "no", "min_payout_btc": null, "min_payout_note": "No minimum threshold. 98% of full block reward (3.125 BTC post-halving + transaction fees) paid directly to miner's Bitcoin address on each block find. No block find = no payout.", "open_to_public": true, "decentralization_score": 5, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 0.200000000000000011102230246251565404236316680908203125, "source_url": "https://solo.ckpool.org/", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "Open-source solo pool operated by Dr. Con Kolivas since 2014. Non-custodial: payout goes directly to miner's Bitcoin address when a block is found. 40+ verified solo blocks found through CKPool since mid-2023, including three in early 2026 (block heights 943411, 944306, 951408). Fee is 2% but applies only to successful block finds — miners with no block finds pay nothing. Popular with home miners (Bitaxe, NerdQAxe clusters). Shoulders-of-giants: Con Kolivas's open-source work has been foundational to the solo-mining community." }, { "name": "Public Pool", "operator": "Open-source community (publicpool.io)", "operator_country": "GLOBAL", "fee_fpps_pct": 0, "fee_pplns_pct": null, "fee_pps_plus_pct": null, "fee_note": "0% fee. Miners keep the full block reward plus all transaction fees when a block is found. No fee of any kind — confirmed from publicpool.io and blockdyor review.", "payout_scheme": "Solo", "payout_schemes_available": [ "Solo" ], "stratum_v2": false, "stratum_v2_note": "Uses Stratum V1 for pool connectivity. Self-hosted version: miners run their own Bitcoin full node and construct block templates independently. Block template sovereignty achieved through node ownership, not SV2 job-negotiation over the pool connection.", "block_template_control": true, "custodial": "no", "min_payout_btc": null, "min_payout_note": "No minimum. Solo mining: a block find pays the entire reward (3.125 BTC post-halving + transaction fees) directly to miner's address. No block find = no payout.", "open_to_public": true, "decentralization_score": 5, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625, "source_url": "https://web.public-pool.io/", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "Open-source zero-fee solo pool. Non-custodial. Self-hostable: miners can run their own Public Pool node on their own Bitcoin full node, constructing their own block templates. Maximum sovereignty. Popular with home miners running Bitaxe, NerdQAxe, and similar open-source hashers. Payout variance is maximum (lottery model). No minimum payout — but also no guaranteed payout." }, { "name": "P2Pool", "operator": "Decentralized peer-to-peer (no central operator)", "operator_country": "GLOBAL", "fee_fpps_pct": 0, "fee_pplns_pct": null, "fee_pps_plus_pct": null, "fee_note": "No central pool fee. Miners run their own P2Pool node and Bitcoin full node. Small transaction fees may apply at the individual node level per implementation. No entity controls or collects pool fees.", "payout_scheme": "P2P Share-Chain", "payout_schemes_available": [ "P2P Share-Chain" ], "stratum_v2": false, "stratum_v2_note": "P2Pool uses its own peer-to-peer share-chain protocol, not SV2. Each P2Pool miner runs a Bitcoin full node and selects their own block transactions — achieving equivalent block template sovereignty to SV2 by architectural design, without using the SV2 protocol.", "block_template_control": true, "custodial": "no", "min_payout_btc": null, "min_payout_note": "Very low per-share payouts embedded directly in block coinbase outputs. Threshold varies by implementation; no central entity sets a minimum.", "open_to_public": true, "decentralization_score": 5, "hashrate_share_pct_approx": 0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625, "source_url": "https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/P2Pool", "last_verified": "2026-06", "notes": "Fully decentralized peer-to-peer mining pool with no central operator. Each P2Pool miner runs a Bitcoin full node and a P2Pool node, forming a share-chain that mirrors Bitcoin's own peer-to-peer model. Non-custodial: rewards included directly in block coinbase outputs. Each miner independently selects transactions — maximum decentralization. Requires technical setup (not beginner-friendly). Very small hashrate share. P2Pool is historically significant as the purest decentralization model for pooled mining. Shoulders-of-giants: P2Pool was designed and built by the Bitcoin open-source community and has informed subsequent decentralized pool designs including TIDES and DATUM." } ] }