Canadian Heating-Degree-Days (HDD18) by City
Quick answer
Heating degree-days base 18 deg C (HDD18) measure how much, and how long, a place needs heating across a year — the higher the number, the more heating demand. Across these 16 Canadian cities the annual HDD18 from the ECCC Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 runs from about 2,926 in Vancouver (the mildest major metro) to roughly 8,170 in Yellowknife. A miner that dumps its heat into a living space offsets resistive electric heating in direct proportion to local HDD18, so the same machine displaces far more heating cost in Winnipeg (~5,670) or Edmonton (~5,589) than in Vancouver or Victoria (~3,040).
Use HDD18 to size mining heat-reuse against real local demand. Free CSV/JSON under CC BY 4.0. Values are 30-year ECCC normals at integer resolution; "moderate"-confidence rows have a known airport-vs-downtown station ambiguity — verify the exact station normal at ECCC before any engineering or building-code use.
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| City | Prov. | ECCC station | Annual HDD18 | Heating months | Heating season | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yellowknife | NT | Yellowknife A | 8,170 | 12 | Year-round | high |
| Whitehorse | YT | Whitehorse A | 6,488 | 12 | Year-round | moderate |
| Saskatoon | SK | Saskatoon Diefenbaker Intl A | 5,712 | 11 | Aug–Jun | high |
| Winnipeg | MB | Winnipeg Richardson Intl A | 5,670 | 10 | Sep–Jun | high |
| Regina | SK | Regina Intl A | 5,661 | 10 | Sep–Jun | high |
| Edmonton | AB | Edmonton Intl A | 5,589 | 12 | Year-round (cool summers) | high |
| Quebec City | QC | Quebec / Jean Lesage Intl A | 5,202 | 10 | Sep–Jun | high |
| Calgary | AB | Calgary Intl A | 5,108 | 12 | Year-round (cool summers) | high |
| St. John's | NL | St. John's Intl A | 4,886 | 12 | Year-round (cool foggy summers) | moderate |
| Fredericton | NB | Fredericton A | 4,654 | 10 | Sep–Jun | moderate |
| Montreal | QC | Montreal–Trudeau Intl A | 4,519 | 9 | Sep–May | high |
| Ottawa | ON | Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier Intl A | 4,500 | 9 | Sep–May | high |
| Halifax | NS | Halifax Stanfield Intl A | 4,197 | 10 | Sep–Jun | moderate |
| Toronto | ON | Toronto Pearson Intl A | 4,066 | 9 | Sep–May | high |
| Victoria | BC | Victoria Intl A | 3,040 | 12 | Year-round (peak Oct–Apr) | moderate |
| Vancouver | BC | Vancouver Intl A | 2,926 | 12 | Year-round (peak Oct–Apr) | high |
Yellowknife: Subarctic continental; among the highest HDD of any Canadian city — heating demand every month of the year.
Whitehorse: Subarctic; heating demand in every month. Integer value approximate — confirm against the ECCC station normal.
Saskatoon: Continental prairie; only July averages at/above 18 deg C.
Winnipeg: One of the coldest major Canadian metros; July and August are the only months without average heating demand.
Regina: Cold winters, warm short summer; July and August normal means sit at/above 18 deg C.
Edmonton: Airport site south of the city; the city-centre station typically reads a few hundred HDD lower (urban heat island).
Quebec City: Colder and snowier than Montreal; only July and August average at/above 18 deg C.
Calgary: High-elevation prairie; even July normal mean stays below 18 deg C, so all 12 months carry heating demand. Chinooks cause large day-to-day swings.
St. John's: Cold-ocean climate; summers so cool that every month averages below 18 deg C. Integer value approximate — confirm against ECCC.
Fredericton: Inland Maritime valley; integer value approximate — confirm against the current ECCC station normal.
Montreal: Trudeau airport reference normal; summers warm enough that June–August carry little to no average heating demand.
Ottawa: Hot humid summers, very cold winters; June–August normal means are at/above 18 deg C.
Halifax: Airport site inland of the harbour; the coastal/downtown Citadel station runs a few hundred HDD milder. Verify which applies.
Toronto: Pearson airport site. The downtown lakeshore station runs warmer (~3520 HDD); Pearson is the standard reference normal.
Victoria: Airport (Victoria Intl A) site; the downtown Gonzales Heights station runs materially milder (~2550). Verify which station applies to your location.
Vancouver: Mildest major Canadian metro; oceanic climate keeps every monthly mean below 18 deg C, so heating demand accrues in small amounts year-round.
HDD18 = the annual sum of (18 − daily mean temperature) over every day the mean is below 18 deg C — the standard Canadian heating-demand index. Data: Environment & Climate Change Canada, Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010 (public domain). Turn these numbers into dollars with the mining heat-savings calculator and the ASIC heat-reuse calculator; compare against fuel prices in the heating-fuel cost dataset and ASIC waste-heat output in the power-profiles database. Province context: Bitcoin mining in Canada. Normals are 30-year averages; verify the exact station value before engineering or building-code use.
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Last reviewed June 23, 2026.