Skip to content

Bitcoin accepted at checkout  |  Ships from Montreal, QC, Canada  |  Expert support since 2016

ASIC Miner Firmware Compatibility: Which Firmware Flashes on Your Model

Control board, install media, recovery and firmware support (Stock, BraiinsOS+, VNish, LuxOS, DCENT_OS) for every major ASIC model.

Quick answer

Which firmware can you flash on your ASIC? This matrix maps 22 miner models to their control board (Zynq, Amlogic, BeagleBone, ESP32…), install media, brick-recovery method, secure-boot state, and which firmwares are known to support them — Stock, BraiinsOS+, VNish, LuxOS, and D-Central's own DCENT_OS.

These are factual support flags, not recommendations. The same model can ship with different control boards — flashing the wrong board build can brick it, so confirm your exact variant first. DCENT_OS has guarded experimental artifacts for exact S9 XIL and S19j Pro XIL lanes; install evidence remains incomplete.

Download CSV Download JSON REST API →

Antminer S9 (exact Zynq/XIL lane; excludes S9i/S9j) Bitmain

Control board
Xilinx Zynq-7010 (XC7Z010, dual Cortex-A9 @667MHz + Artix-7 FPGA)
Install media
SD card (J3 jumper short = boot from SD)
Secure boot
Open
Recovery
re-flash via SD card (J3 short), reimage NAND from recovery env
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+ ✓VNish ✓LuxOS: NoDCENT_OS: Guarded_artifact

Exact S9 Zynq/XIL only. Artifact availability is not production support.

Antminer S17 / S17 Pro / S17+ / S17e / T17 Bitmain

Control board
Xilinx Zynq-7010 (XC7Z010, ARM Cortex-A9 + FPGA)
Install media
SD card (Zynq J3 jumper)
Secure boot
Unknown
Recovery
re-flash via SD card, reimage NAND from recovery env
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+ ✓VNish ✓LuxOS: NoDCENT_OS: No_public_artifact

BM1396/BM1397, 7nm. Same Zynq-7010 SoC class as S9. LuxOS targets S19/S21 only. DCENT_OS does not target S17.

Antminer S19 / S19 Pro (Zynq) Bitmain

Control board
Xilinx Zynq-7010 (XC7Z010, ARM Cortex-A9 + FPGA)
Install media
SD card (J3 jumper)
Secure boot
Open
Recovery
re-flash via SD card; patch mtd3 SHA256 to bypass ramdisk check, reimage mtd1
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+ ✓VNish ✓LuxOS ✓DCENT_OS: Bring_up_no_artifact

No S19 or S19 Pro public artifact. Neither inherits S19j Pro evidence.

Antminer S19 XP / S19 XP+ Bitmain

Control board
Xilinx Zynq (BM1366 Zynq carrier) or Amlogic A113D (variant-dependent)
Install media
SD card (Zynq) | USB-OTG (Amlogic)
Secure boot
Unknown
Recovery
re-flash via SD (Zynq) or USB-OTG (Amlogic) recovery
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+ ✓VNish ✓LuxOS ✓DCENT_OS: No_public_artifact

BM1366 (5nm), 110 chips/11 domains. DCENT_OS Phase 1 reference chip (BM1366) but full S19 XP support is Phase 1/2 planned. Control board varies by batch.

Antminer S19j / S19j Pro (BeagleBone) Bitmain

Control board
BeagleBone Black (TI AM335x Sitara, single Cortex-A8, no FPGA)
Install media
SD card (slot inside enclosure cover)
Secure boot
Unknown
Recovery
SD card reimage (BBB SD slot inside control board)
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+ ✓VNish ✓LuxOS ✓DCENT_OS: Lab_runtime_no_artifact

Runtime/lab evidence only; no general NAND/sysupgrade install route.

Antminer S19j Pro / S19j Pro+ (Amlogic) Bitmain

Control board
Amlogic A113D (quad Cortex-A53, no FPGA, no SD slot)
Install media
USB-OTG (Micro-USB OTG adapter + USB drive)
Secure boot
Locked
Recovery
USB-OTG recovery via Amlogic USB Burning Tool (flash stock firmware)
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+ ✓VNish ✓LuxOS ✓DCENT_OS: Bring_up_blocked_no_artifact

No Amlogic artifact; stock AMLCtrl ownership remains an installation blocker. Zynq/XIL is a different lane.

Antminer S19k Pro (Amlogic / Xilinx variants) Bitmain

Control board
Amlogic A113D or Xilinx Zynq (two factory variants exist)
Install media
USB-OTG (Amlogic) | SD card (Xilinx)
Secure boot
Unknown
Recovery
USB-OTG (Amlogic) or SD reimage (Xilinx) per control-board variant
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+ ✓VNish ✓LuxOS ✓DCENT_OS: No_public_artifact

VNish ships separate Amlogic and Xilinx builds; flashing the wrong board build WILL brick. DCENT_OS Phase 2 (planned).

Antminer S21 base / BM1368 (exact documented runtime lane) Bitmain

Control board
Amlogic A113D (Cortex-A53, no FPGA, no SD slot)
Install media
USB-OTG
Secure boot
Locked
Recovery
USB-OTG recovery via Amlogic USB Burning Tool
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+ ✓VNish ✓LuxOS ✓DCENT_OS: Earlier_runtime_no_artifact

No public artifact; stock AMLCtrl install blocked. S21 Pro/XP/+ and T21 do not inherit this evidence.

Antminer S21 XP (BM1370) Bitmain

Control board
Amlogic A113D (no FPGA, no SD slot)
Install media
USB-OTG
Secure boot
Locked
Recovery
USB-OTG recovery via Amlogic USB Burning Tool
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+ ✓VNish ✓LuxOS ✓DCENT_OS: No_public_artifact

BM1370 (3nm), 13 domains/7 chips. DCENT_OS Phase 2 (no). Same BM1370 chip family DCENT references for future support.

Antminer S23 / S23 Hyd / S23 IMM Bitmain

Control board
unconfirmed (no public teardown yet)
Install media
unconfirmed (no public teardown yet)
Secure boot
Unknown
Recovery
unconfirmed — recover via Bitmain stock tooling for your control board once the S23 board family is documented
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+: UnconfirmedVNish: UnconfirmedLuxOS: UnconfirmedDCENT_OS: No_public_artifact

BM1373 (designation rumored/projected). Shipping since Jan 2026, but no public teardown has confirmed the die or control-board family yet, so control board, install media and secure-boot state are left unconfirmed rather than guessed by analogy to the S21. No third-party firmware (BraiinsOS+, VNish, LuxOS) support has been verified on the S23 — treat any S23 firmware-availability claim as unverified until a teardown lands. DCENT_OS does not target the S23.

Antminer T21 (Amlogic / Xilinx / Cvitek variants) Bitmain

Control board
Amlogic A113D, Xilinx Zynq, or CVITEK (three factory variants)
Install media
USB-OTG (Amlogic) | SD card (Xilinx) | variant-dependent (Cvitek)
Secure boot
Unknown
Recovery
USB-OTG or SD reimage per control-board variant
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+ ✓VNish ✓LuxOS ✓DCENT_OS: No_public_artifact

VNish ships AML/XIL/CV builds; board detection required. CVITEK is a newer Bitmain control-board SoC family. DCENT_OS does not target T21.

Antminer L7 / L9 (Scrypt) Bitmain

Control board
Xilinx Zynq, Amlogic, or CVITEK (L9 has AML/XIL/CV variants)
Install media
SD card (Zynq) | USB-OTG (Amlogic)
Secure boot
Unknown
Recovery
SD reimage (Zynq) or USB-OTG (Amlogic) per variant
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+: NoVNish ✓LuxOS: NoDCENT_OS: No_public_artifact

Scrypt (LTC/DOGE) miners using BM1485-class chips. VNish supports L7/L9; BraiinsOS+ and LuxOS are SHA-256/Antminer-S-line only.

WhatsMiner M30S / M30S+ / M30S++ / M31S MicroBT

Control board
Allwinner H6 / H6OS (CV200-OS) ARM Cortex-A53 (CB4/CB5, no FPGA)
Install media
SD card (.img via PhoenixCard) | WhatsMinerTool .bin over network
Secure boot
Unknown
Recovery
SD card reimage (PhoenixCard .img, red LED blinks during flash)
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+: NoVNish ✓LuxOS: NoDCENT_OS: No_public_artifact

Samsung-foundry chips, btminer (not cgminer). BraiinsOS/LuxOS do NOT support WhatsMiner. VNish supports M20-M60. H6OS adds TrustZone.

WhatsMiner M50 / M50S / M53 (Samsung 5nm) MicroBT

Control board
Allwinner H6OS (CV200-OS) ARM Cortex-A53 + TrustZone (CB5)
Install media
SD card (.img via PhoenixCard) | WhatsMinerTool .bin | API OTA
Secure boot
Unknown
Recovery
SD card reimage via PhoenixCard, or WhatsMinerTool network reflash
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+: NoVNish ✓LuxOS: NoDCENT_OS: No_public_artifact

btminerAPI on 4028 (token-encrypted writes), NOT cgminer. ePIC UMC offers a replacement control board for M3x/M5x. Avalon/Antminer boards not cross-compatible.

WhatsMiner M60 / M60S / M70 series MicroBT

Control board
Allwinner H616 ARM Cortex-A53 (CB6 V5/V7/V10, no FPGA)
Install media
WhatsMinerTool .bin over network | SD card (.img via PhoenixCard) | API OTA
Secure boot
Unknown
Recovery
SD card reimage via PhoenixCard, or WhatsMinerTool network reflash
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+: NoVNish: PartialLuxOS: NoDCENT_OS: No_public_artifact

VNish lists M60 'series' support but newest M70 coverage is generation-dependent (partial). No BraiinsOS/LuxOS for WhatsMiner.

Avalon 721 / 741 / 841 / 921 (Gen 1) Canaan

Control board
External Raspberry Pi 1/2/3 (Broadcom ARM) + AUC3 USB-to-I2C bridge
Install media
MicroSD card (OpenWrt sysupgrade image)
Secure boot
Open
Recovery
rewrite MicroSD with OpenWrt image (standard sysupgrade)
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+: NoVNish: NoLuxOS: NoDCENT_OS: No_public_artifact

OpenWrt + cgminer, Dropbear SSH (root/root), no signature verification. Canaan ships official customizable OpenWrt build scripts. No 3rd-party commercial firmware.

Avalon A1246 / A1346 / A1366 / A1466 / A1566 (Gen 2) Canaan

Control board
Kendryte K210 (RISC-V dual-core 64-bit, 8MB SRAM, no FPGA, FreeRTOS)
Install media
WhatsMiner-style not applicable; AvalonMiner Upgrade Tool (Windows) over network
Secure boot
Unknown
Recovery
AvalonMiner Upgrade Tool network reflash (bare-metal FreeRTOS, no SD/USB recovery)
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+: NoVNish: NoLuxOS: NoDCENT_OS: No_public_artifact

K210 is bare-metal RISC-V (no Linux, no SSH). cgminer drivers open-source; ASIC datasheets not. Zero third-party firmware ecosystem (greenfield).

Avalon Nano 3 / Nano 3S / Mini 3 / Avalon Q (Gen 3) Canaan

Control board
Kendryte K230 (RISC-V C908 big.LITTLE, Linux + RT-Smart, no FPGA)
Install media
SWUpdate .swu over port 9090 (RSA-verified) | SPI-NAND via K230 BurningTool
Secure boot
Locked
Recovery
NAND reflash via K230BurningTool (hold switch + USB); then .swu via SWUpdate
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+: NoVNish: NoLuxOS: NoDCENT_OS: No_public_artifact

K230 firmware open-sourced by Canaan (Nov 2025). orca.pet Nano-3 jailbreak patches swupdate_verify_file to accept unsigned .swu. AES/SM secure boot via eFuse.

Bitaxe Gamma / Ultra / Supra (single-ASIC) Open-source (skot / bitaxeorg)

Control board
ESP32-S3 (Espressif, on-board; ASIC via UART through level shifter)
Install media
Web flasher (browser WebSerial) | USB serial (esptool)
Secure boot
Open
Recovery
re-flash ESP32 over USB serial (esptool) / web flasher; boot button (GPIO0)
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+: N/aVNish: N/aLuxOS: N/aDCENT_OS: No_public_artifact

Fully open hardware (KiCad) + ESP-Miner/AxeOS (C, ESP-IDF). Single BM1397/66/68/70. D-Central's USB-miner firmware is the separate DCENT_axe (Rust), not DCENT_OS; commercial Antminer firmwares n/a here.

NerdQAxe+ / NerdQAxe++ / NerdOctaxe (multi-ASIC) Open-source (shufps / BitMaker-hub / Patsch91)

Control board
ESP32-S3 (Espressif; 4-8 ASIC UART daisy-chain)
Install media
Web flasher (WebSerial) | USB serial (esptool)
Secure boot
Open
Recovery
re-flash ESP32 over USB serial / web flasher
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+: N/aVNish: N/aLuxOS: N/aDCENT_OS: No_public_artifact

ESP-Miner fork firmware; 4x (Qaxe+/++) or 8x (Octaxe) BM1368/BM1370 chain. Open hardware. Commercial Antminer firmwares n/a. DCENT_axe port is a documented future target.

Ember One (open hashboard) 256 Foundation

Control board
External USB control board (Libre Board / Raspberry Pi) — hashboard only
Install media
n/a (controller-dependent; hashboard has no onboard OS)
Secure boot
Open
Recovery
n/a (no onboard firmware; recover the external controller image)
Stock: NoBraiinsOS+: NoVNish: NoLuxOS: NoDCENT_OS: No_public_artifact

GPL open-source 12x BM1362 hashboard, ~3.5 TH/s, needs an external USB control board. Driven by Mujina (Rust, 256 Foundation), not a stock onboard firmware.

Antminer S19j Pro (exact Zynq/XIL lane) Bitmain

Control board
Xilinx Zynq / XIL
Install media
Guarded signed A/B sysupgrade artifact
Secure boot
Unknown
Recovery
Exact recovery capstone not published
Stock ✓BraiinsOS+: Verify_vendorVNish: Verify_vendorLuxOS: Verify_vendorDCENT_OS: Guarded_artifact

Exact S19j Pro Zynq/XIL lane only; BeagleBone and Amlogic are separate evidence lanes.

Which firmware for which model?

Which firmware can I run on an Antminer S9 (S9 / S9i / S9j)?

The exact Antminer S9 Zynq/XIL lane runs stock, BraiinsOS+ and VNish; LuxOS does not target it. DCENT_OS publishes guarded signed sysupgrade and SD artifacts for that exact lane, with accepted-share bench evidence but an incomplete witnessed install/boot/soak/recovery capstone. S9i and S9j do not inherit this artifact.

Which firmware can I flash on an Antminer S19 / S19 Pro?

The Zynq S19 / S19 Pro runs Bitmain stock, BraiinsOS+ (a 2–2.5% dev-fee range, effectively 0% when mining on Braiins Pool), VNish and LuxOS. DCENT_OS lists the S19 Zynq board as a planned phase — in active development, not yet a shipping image. Confirm your exact control board first; flashing the wrong board build can brick the miner.

Which firmware runs on an Antminer S19j Pro?

It depends on the control board. DCENT_OS publishes a guarded signed artifact only for S19j Pro Zynq/XIL; accepted-share mining is documented, but vendor-stock first install remains unproven. BeagleBone has earlier lab/runtime evidence and Amlogic has no DCENT_OS artifact. These lanes are not interchangeable.

Which firmware can I run on an Antminer S21, S21 Pro or S21 XP?

Commercial firmware availability varies by exact S21 model and control board; verify each vendor route. DCENT_OS records earlier accepted-share runtime evidence only for one exact base S21/BM1368 lane, not rerun on current binaries. It has no S21 artifact, and S21 Pro/XP/+ and T21 do not inherit that evidence.

Which firmware supports WhatsMiner (MicroBT) models?

WhatsMiner M2x–M6x models run MicroBT stock, and VNish supports the M20 through M60 series (newest M70 coverage is partial). BraiinsOS+ and LuxOS are Antminer / SHA-256 S-line only and do not support WhatsMiner. DCENT_OS does not target WhatsMiner.

Is DCENT_OS available for my miner yet?

DCENT_OS publishes guarded signed artifacts only for exact S9 XIL and S19j Pro XIL lanes. Their install evidence remains incomplete and neither is production-ready. Other exact lanes have no public artifact; bench or source evidence does not create a compatibility promise. The software is not sold by pre-order.

Can I flash BraiinsOS+, VNish or LuxOS on an Antminer S23?

Not confirmed yet. The S23 ships on Bitmain stock firmware, but no public teardown has confirmed its control-board family and no third-party firmware support has been verified. Treat any S23 firmware-availability claim as unverified until a teardown lands.

Support flags are factual availability, compiled from D-Central's firmware reverse-engineering knowledge base — they are not endorsements, and D-Central credits BraiinsOS+, VNish, LuxOS and the open-source predecessors that made this ecosystem possible. DCENT_OS publishes GPL-3.0 source plus guarded experimental artifacts only for exact S9 XIL and S19j Pro XIL lanes. Other rows expose model-specific evidence, not inherited support. DCENT_OS beta status & downloads →