Bitcoin ASIC Release Timeline: 12 Years of Mining Efficiency (2013-2025)
Quick answer
Bitcoin ASIC efficiency has improved roughly 211x in twelve years. The 2013 Antminer S1 burned about 2,000 J/TH; by 2025 the Antminer S23 reached ~9.5 J/TH. This timeline tracks 41 major SHA-256 miners from Bitmain, MicroBT, Canaan and the open-source Bitaxe across that curve — the relentless efficiency march that retires older hardware and resets mining economics with every generation.
Efficiency, not hashrate, is the story: each generation roughly halves J/TH, which is why a four-year-old machine gets curtailed first when power prices rise.
| Released | Model | Maker | TH/s | Watts | J/TH | Chip |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 Q4 | Antminer S1 Bitmain's first Antminer; 55nm chip, 180 GH/s home unit | Bitmain | 0.18 | 360 | 2000 | BM1380 |
| 2014 Q4 | Antminer S5 28nm chip; first Antminer past 1 TH/s, iconic early rig | Bitmain | 1.155 | 590 | 510.8 | BM1384 |
| 2015 Q3 | Antminer S7 28nm; most efficient publicly available ASIC at launch | Bitmain | 4.73 | 1,293 | 273.4 | BM1385 |
| 2016 Q2 | Antminer S9 16nm; best-selling miner ever, dominated 2016-2019 era | Bitmain | 13.5 | 1,323 | 98 | BM1387 |
| 2016 Q4 | AvalonMiner 721 Announced Nov 2016; 72x A3212 (16nm) chips; early Avalon7 ASIC | Canaan | 6 | 900 | 150 | A3212 |
| 2018 Q1 | Whatsminer M3 MicroBT's first-gen 28nm BTC miner; 198 chips | MicroBT | 12 | 2,000 | 166.7 | — |
| 2018 Q2 | AvalonMiner 841 Apr 2018; 104x A3210 (16nm) chips; aka Avalon A8 | Canaan | 13.6 | 1,290 | 94.9 | A3210 |
| 2018 Q3 | Whatsminer M10 16nm FinFET, 315 chips; major efficiency jump over M3 | MicroBT | 33 | 2,145 | 65 | — |
| 2018 Q4 | Antminer S15 Bitmain's first 7nm miner | Bitmain | 28 | 1,596 | 57 | BM1391 |
| 2019 Q1 | Innosilicon T3 43T Jan 2019; Terminator 3 SHA-256 line; competed with Antminer S9-era | Innosilicon | 43 | 2,100 | 48.8 | — |
| 2019 Q2 | Antminer S17 Pro 7nm; first sub-40 J/TH flagship | Bitmain | 53 | 2,094 | 39.5 | BM1397 |
| 2019 | Whatsminer M21S Mid-tier 2019 model alongside the M20S flagship | MicroBT | 56 | 3,360 | 60 | — |
| 2019 Q3 | Whatsminer M20S TSMC 12nm; flagship that put MicroBT in S17-class league | MicroBT | 68 | 3,360 | 49.4 | — |
| 2019 Q3 | AvalonMiner 1066 (50Th) Sep 2019; 342x A3205 (16nm) chips | Canaan | 50 | 3,250 | 65 | A3205 |
| 2020 Q1 | Whatsminer M31S Cost-tier alternative to the M30S series | MicroBT | 76 | 3,220 | 42.4 | — |
| 2020 Q2 | Antminer S19 Pro Cherry-picked BM1398, 114 chips/board; first sub-30 J/TH flagship | Bitmain | 110 | 3,250 | 29.5 | BM1398 |
| 2020 Q2 | Antminer S19 Base S19; defined the S19 generation that powered 2020-2024 | Bitmain | 95 | 3,250 | 34.2 | BM1398 |
| 2020 Q2 | Whatsminer M30S Samsung 8nm, 444 chips; base of the workhorse M30 line | MicroBT | 86 | 3,268 | 38 | — |
| 2020 Q3 | AvalonMiner 1166 Pro (81Th) Aug 2020; A3206 chips; ~42 J/TH air-cooled workhorse | Canaan | 81 | 3,400 | 42 | A3206 |
| 2020 Q4 | Whatsminer M30S++ Top M30 variant; 112 TH/s air-cooled flagship of 2020 | MicroBT | 112 | 3,472 | 31 | — |
| 2020 Q4 | Whatsminer M30S+ Samsung 8nm; uprated M30S, 100 TH/s tier | MicroBT | 100 | 3,400 | 34 | — |
| 2021 Q1 | AvalonMiner 1246 (90Th) Jan 2021; A12 chip; Canaan's S19-era flagship competitor | Canaan | 90 | 3,420 | 38 | A12 |
| 2021 Q3 | Antminer S19j Pro Refreshed S19 Pro variant; widely deployed workhorse | Bitmain | 104 | 3,068 | 29.5 | BM1398 |
| 2022 Q3 | Antminer S19 XP 5nm; first sub-22 J/TH flagship, last of S19 line | Bitmain | 140 | 3,010 | 21.5 | BM1366 |
| 2022 Q3 | Whatsminer M50S 5nm; ~26 J/TH air-cooled, competed with S19 XP | MicroBT | 128 | 3,276 | 25.6 | — |
| 2022 Q3 | Whatsminer M50 5nm; first M50-gen, broke under 30 J/TH air-cooled | MicroBT | 114 | 3,306 | 29 | — |
| 2022 Q4 | Avalon A1366 (130Th) Oct 2022; A13 series; ~25 J/TH, sub-S19j-Pro class | Canaan | 130 | 3,250 | 25 | A13 |
| 2023 Q1 | Whatsminer M56 Hydro Water-cooled M50-gen hydro variant | MicroBT | 194 | 5,550 | 28.6 | — |
| 2023 Q2 | Whatsminer M53 Hydro 5nm liquid-cooled; first MicroBT hydro line, 230 TH/s | MicroBT | 230 | 6,670 | 29 | — |
| 2023 Q3 | Avalon A1466 (150Th) 2023; A14 series; ~21.5 J/TH air-cooled flagship | Canaan | 150 | 3,225 | 21.5 | A14 |
| 2023 Q4 | Whatsminer M63 Hydro M60-gen hydro flagship; sub-20 J/TH, 334 TH/s | MicroBT | 334 | 6,646 | 19.9 | — |
| 2024 Q1 | Antminer S21 S21-generation base; ~17.5 J/TH air-cooled | Bitmain | 200 | 3,550 | 17.8 | BM1370 |
| 2024 Q1 | Whatsminer M60S Air-cooled M60-gen; ~18.5 J/TH, rivaled Antminer S21 | MicroBT | 186 | 3,441 | 18.5 | — |
| 2024 Q2 | Antminer S21 XP Hydro Hydro-cooled flagship; 12 J/TH, 473 TH/s | Bitmain | 473 | 5,676 | 12 | BM1372 |
| 2024 | Bitaxe Gamma (601) Single BM1370 (from Antminer S21 Pro); ~1.0-1.2 TH/s; best Bitaxe eff | Open-source (Bitaxe) | 1.1 | 17 | 15.5 | BM1370 |
| 2024 | Bitaxe Supra (401) Single BM1368 (from Antminer S21); ~625-775 GH/s; open-source | Open-source (Bitaxe) | 0.7 | 12 | 17.1 | BM1368 |
| 2024 | Bitaxe Ultra (201) Single BM1366 (from Antminer S19 XP); ~400-500 GH/s solo miner | Open-source (Bitaxe) | 0.49 | 12 | 24.5 | BM1366 |
| 2024 Q3 | Antminer S21 Pro Air-cooled flagship at 15 J/TH | Bitmain | 234 | 3,510 | 15 | BM1370 |
| 2024 Q4 | Antminer S21 XP Most efficient air-cooled miner at launch, 13.5 J/TH | Bitmain | 270 | 3,645 | 13.5 | BM1372 |
| 2024 Q4 | Avalon A1566 (185Th) Oct 2024; A15 series; tested ~18.4-18.5 J/TH | Canaan | 185 | 3,420 | 18.5 | A15 |
| 2025 Q2 | Antminer S23 Hydro Announced WDMS May 2025; first sub-10 J/TH, ships Q1 2026 | Bitmain | 580 | 5,510 | 9.5 | BM1390 |
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Last reviewed June 19, 2026.