Bitcoin Script Opcodes — Complete Reference

Every opcode in the Bitcoin Script language — the stack-based language that defines how bitcoins can be spent — with its hex byte, decimal value, category, status and function.

Quick answer

Bitcoin Script is a small, intentionally non-Turing-complete stack language: a locking script (scriptPubKey) sets spending conditions and an unlocking script (scriptSig / witness) satisfies them. This reference lists all 113 opcodes — word, hex byte, decimal, category, status and function. 15 are disabled (removed in 2010 for safety), several slots are reserved, and the upgradeable no-ops (OP_NOP1–NOP10) are how soft forks like CLTV and CSV added new rules without breaking old nodes.

Most everyday scripts use a handful of opcodes — OP_DUP, OP_HASH160, OP_EQUALVERIFY and OP_CHECKSIG build P2PKH; OP_CHECKMULTISIG, OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY and OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY enable multisig and time-locks; Tapscript adds OP_CHECKSIGADD.

Download CSV Download JSON REST API →

Word	Hex	Dec	Category	Status	BIP	Function
OP_0 / OP_FALSE	0x00	0	Constants	Enabled	—	Push an empty byte array (numeric/boolean zero) onto the stack.
OP_PUSHBYTES_1–75	0x01–0x4b	1	Constants	Enabled	—	The next opcode byte (1–75) is the number of subsequent bytes to push as data.
OP_PUSHDATA1	0x4c	76	Constants	Enabled	—	The next 1 byte is the length; push that many following bytes.
OP_PUSHDATA2	0x4d	77	Constants	Enabled	—	The next 2 bytes (LE) are the length; push that many following bytes.
OP_PUSHDATA4	0x4e	78	Constants	Enabled	—	The next 4 bytes (LE) are the length; push that many following bytes.
OP_1NEGATE	0x4f	79	Constants	Enabled	—	Push the number -1 onto the stack.
OP_RESERVED	0x50	80	Reserved	Reserved	—	Invalidates the script if executed (does nothing inside an unexecuted branch).
OP_1 / OP_TRUE	0x51	81	Constants	Enabled	—	Push the number 1 onto the stack.
OP_2	0x52	82	Constants	Enabled	—	Push the number 2 onto the stack.
OP_3	0x53	83	Constants	Enabled	—	Push the number 3 onto the stack.
OP_4	0x54	84	Constants	Enabled	—	Push the number 4 onto the stack.
OP_5	0x55	85	Constants	Enabled	—	Push the number 5 onto the stack.
OP_6	0x56	86	Constants	Enabled	—	Push the number 6 onto the stack.
OP_7	0x57	87	Constants	Enabled	—	Push the number 7 onto the stack.
OP_8	0x58	88	Constants	Enabled	—	Push the number 8 onto the stack.
OP_9	0x59	89	Constants	Enabled	—	Push the number 9 onto the stack.
OP_10	0x5a	90	Constants	Enabled	—	Push the number 10 onto the stack.
OP_11	0x5b	91	Constants	Enabled	—	Push the number 11 onto the stack.
OP_12	0x5c	92	Constants	Enabled	—	Push the number 12 onto the stack.
OP_13	0x5d	93	Constants	Enabled	—	Push the number 13 onto the stack.
OP_14	0x5e	94	Constants	Enabled	—	Push the number 14 onto the stack.
OP_15	0x5f	95	Constants	Enabled	—	Push the number 15 onto the stack.
OP_16	0x60	96	Constants	Enabled	—	Push the number 16 onto the stack.
OP_NOP	0x61	97	Flow control	Enabled	—	Does nothing.
OP_VER	0x62	98	Reserved	Reserved	—	Invalidates the script if executed.
OP_IF	0x63	99	Flow control	Enabled	—	Execute the following statements if the top stack value is true.
OP_NOTIF	0x64	100	Flow control	Enabled	—	Execute the following statements if the top stack value is false.
OP_VERIF	0x65	101	Reserved	Reserved	—	Invalidates the script even when inside an unexecuted branch.
OP_VERNOTIF	0x66	102	Reserved	Reserved	—	Invalidates the script even when inside an unexecuted branch.
OP_ELSE	0x67	103	Flow control	Enabled	—	Switch execution within an OP_IF / OP_NOTIF … OP_ENDIF block.
OP_ENDIF	0x68	104	Flow control	Enabled	—	Close an OP_IF / OP_NOTIF / OP_ELSE block.
OP_VERIFY	0x69	105	Flow control	Enabled	—	Mark the script invalid unless the top stack value is true; otherwise pop it.
OP_RETURN	0x6a	106	Flow control	Enabled	—	Mark the output provably unspendable; commonly used to embed up to 80 bytes of data.
OP_TOALTSTACK	0x6b	107	Stack	Enabled	—	Move the top item to the alt stack.
OP_FROMALTSTACK	0x6c	108	Stack	Enabled	—	Move the top alt-stack item back to the main stack.
OP_2DROP	0x6d	109	Stack	Enabled	—	Remove the top two stack items.
OP_2DUP	0x6e	110	Stack	Enabled	—	Duplicate the top two stack items.
OP_3DUP	0x6f	111	Stack	Enabled	—	Duplicate the top three stack items.
OP_2OVER	0x70	112	Stack	Enabled	—	Copy the pair of items two spaces back to the top.
OP_2ROT	0x71	113	Stack	Enabled	—	Move the fifth and sixth items to the top.
OP_2SWAP	0x72	114	Stack	Enabled	—	Swap the top two pairs of items.
OP_IFDUP	0x73	115	Stack	Enabled	—	Duplicate the top item only if it is non-zero.
OP_DEPTH	0x74	116	Stack	Enabled	—	Push the current number of stack items.
OP_DROP	0x75	117	Stack	Enabled	—	Remove the top stack item.
OP_DUP	0x76	118	Stack	Enabled	—	Duplicate the top stack item (core of P2PKH).
OP_NIP	0x77	119	Stack	Enabled	—	Remove the second-from-top item.
OP_OVER	0x78	120	Stack	Enabled	—	Copy the second-from-top item to the top.
OP_PICK	0x79	121	Stack	Enabled	—	Copy the n-th item (n from the top) to the top.
OP_ROLL	0x7a	122	Stack	Enabled	—	Move the n-th item (n from the top) to the top.
OP_ROT	0x7b	123	Stack	Enabled	—	Rotate the top three items.
OP_SWAP	0x7c	124	Stack	Enabled	—	Swap the top two items.
OP_TUCK	0x7d	125	Stack	Enabled	—	Copy the top item and insert it below the second item.
OP_CAT	0x7e	126	Splice	Disabled	—	Concatenate two byte strings. Disabled for security in 2010.
OP_SUBSTR	0x7f	127	Splice	Disabled	—	Return a substring. Disabled.
OP_LEFT	0x80	128	Splice	Disabled	—	Return the left substring. Disabled.
OP_RIGHT	0x81	129	Splice	Disabled	—	Return the right substring. Disabled.
OP_SIZE	0x82	130	Splice	Enabled	—	Push the byte length of the top item (without popping it).
OP_INVERT	0x83	131	Bitwise logic	Disabled	—	Bitwise NOT. Disabled.
OP_AND	0x84	132	Bitwise logic	Disabled	—	Bitwise AND. Disabled.
OP_OR	0x85	133	Bitwise logic	Disabled	—	Bitwise OR. Disabled.
OP_XOR	0x86	134	Bitwise logic	Disabled	—	Bitwise XOR. Disabled.
OP_EQUAL	0x87	135	Bitwise logic	Enabled	—	Push 1 if the top two items are byte-equal, else 0 (core of P2SH).
OP_EQUALVERIFY	0x88	136	Bitwise logic	Enabled	—	OP_EQUAL then OP_VERIFY — fail unless the top two items are equal.
OP_RESERVED1	0x89	137	Reserved	Reserved	—	Invalidates the script if executed.
OP_RESERVED2	0x8a	138	Reserved	Reserved	—	Invalidates the script if executed.
OP_1ADD	0x8b	139	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Add 1 to the top number.
OP_1SUB	0x8c	140	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Subtract 1 from the top number.
OP_2MUL	0x8d	141	Arithmetic	Disabled	—	Multiply the top number by 2. Disabled.
OP_2DIV	0x8e	142	Arithmetic	Disabled	—	Divide the top number by 2. Disabled.
OP_NEGATE	0x8f	143	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Flip the sign of the top number.
OP_ABS	0x90	144	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Absolute value of the top number.
OP_NOT	0x91	145	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Push 1 if the top number is 0, else 0.
OP_0NOTEQUAL	0x92	146	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Push 0 if the top number is 0, else 1.
OP_ADD	0x93	147	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Add the top two numbers.
OP_SUB	0x94	148	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Subtract the top number from the second.
OP_MUL	0x95	149	Arithmetic	Disabled	—	Multiply the top two numbers. Disabled.
OP_DIV	0x96	150	Arithmetic	Disabled	—	Divide. Disabled.
OP_MOD	0x97	151	Arithmetic	Disabled	—	Modulo. Disabled.
OP_LSHIFT	0x98	152	Arithmetic	Disabled	—	Left bit-shift. Disabled.
OP_RSHIFT	0x99	153	Arithmetic	Disabled	—	Right bit-shift. Disabled.
OP_BOOLAND	0x9a	154	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Push 1 if both numbers are non-zero, else 0.
OP_BOOLOR	0x9b	155	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Push 1 if either number is non-zero, else 0.
OP_NUMEQUAL	0x9c	156	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Push 1 if the two numbers are equal, else 0.
OP_NUMEQUALVERIFY	0x9d	157	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	OP_NUMEQUAL then OP_VERIFY.
OP_NUMNOTEQUAL	0x9e	158	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Push 1 if the two numbers are not equal, else 0.
OP_LESSTHAN	0x9f	159	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Push 1 if the second number is less than the top.
OP_GREATERTHAN	0xa0	160	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Push 1 if the second number is greater than the top.
OP_LESSTHANOREQUAL	0xa1	161	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Push 1 if the second number is ≤ the top.
OP_GREATERTHANOREQUAL	0xa2	162	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Push 1 if the second number is ≥ the top.
OP_MIN	0xa3	163	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Push the smaller of the top two numbers.
OP_MAX	0xa4	164	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Push the larger of the top two numbers.
OP_WITHIN	0xa5	165	Arithmetic	Enabled	—	Push 1 if x is within [min, max).
OP_RIPEMD160	0xa6	166	Cryptography	Enabled	—	Hash the top item with RIPEMD-160.
OP_SHA1	0xa7	167	Cryptography	Enabled	—	Hash the top item with SHA-1.
OP_SHA256	0xa8	168	Cryptography	Enabled	—	Hash the top item with SHA-256.
OP_HASH160	0xa9	169	Cryptography	Enabled	—	SHA-256 then RIPEMD-160 (address hashing).
OP_HASH256	0xaa	170	Cryptography	Enabled	—	Double SHA-256 of the top item.
OP_CODESEPARATOR	0xab	171	Cryptography	Enabled	—	Mark the point from which signature checks cover the script.
OP_CHECKSIG	0xac	172	Cryptography	Enabled	—	Verify a signature against a public key over the transaction.
OP_CHECKSIGVERIFY	0xad	173	Cryptography	Enabled	—	OP_CHECKSIG then OP_VERIFY.
OP_CHECKMULTISIG	0xae	174	Cryptography	Enabled	—	Verify m-of-n signatures (consumes one extra item — the off-by-one bug).
OP_CHECKMULTISIGVERIFY	0xaf	175	Cryptography	Enabled	—	OP_CHECKMULTISIG then OP_VERIFY.
OP_NOP1	0xb0	176	Reserved (NOP)	Reserved	—	Upgradeable no-op reserved for a future soft fork.
OP_CHECKLOCKTIMEVERIFY (OP_NOP2)	0xb1	177	Locktime	Enabled	BIP65	Fail unless the output is spent at or after an absolute time/height (CLTV).
OP_CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY (OP_NOP3)	0xb2	178	Locktime	Enabled	BIP112	Fail unless a relative lock-time has elapsed (CSV).
OP_NOP4	0xb3	179	Reserved (NOP)	Reserved	—	Upgradeable no-op reserved for a future soft fork.
OP_NOP5	0xb4	180	Reserved (NOP)	Reserved	—	Upgradeable no-op reserved for a future soft fork.
OP_NOP6	0xb5	181	Reserved (NOP)	Reserved	—	Upgradeable no-op reserved for a future soft fork.
OP_NOP7	0xb6	182	Reserved (NOP)	Reserved	—	Upgradeable no-op reserved for a future soft fork.
OP_NOP8	0xb7	183	Reserved (NOP)	Reserved	—	Upgradeable no-op reserved for a future soft fork.
OP_NOP9	0xb8	184	Reserved (NOP)	Reserved	—	Upgradeable no-op reserved for a future soft fork.
OP_NOP10	0xb9	185	Reserved (NOP)	Reserved	—	Upgradeable no-op reserved for a future soft fork.
OP_CHECKSIGADD	0xba	186	Cryptography	Tapscript	BIP342	Tapscript-only: verify a signature and add 1 to an accumulator (batch multisig).

Source: Bitcoin Core script/script.h (opcodetype enum) and the Bitcoin Wiki Script reference. Related: soft-fork registry, BIP index, transaction sizes, address types. See the open data hub.

Related products, repair, and setup paths

Last reviewed June 26, 2026.