ASIC Operating Temperature & Thermal Limits by Model
How hot is too hot for a Bitcoin ASIC miner? This reference lists per-model operating-temperature limits — maximum chip temperature, recommended intake-air range, the thermal-throttle (de-rate) point and the over-temp shutdown threshold — so you can keep your hardware out of the danger zone. Values are grounded in the D-Central Bitcoin Mining Hack Bible and manufacturer specifications, with honest blanks where a figure is not published.
Quick answer
This reference lists the operating-temperature limits for 22 Bitcoin ASIC miners: the maximum chip/junction temperature the silicon tolerates, the recommended intake-air range, the temperature at which firmware begins thermal-throttling (cutting hashrate to protect the chips), and the over-temp shutdown threshold. It is the temperature-LIMIT companion to D-Central's heat-output (BTU/kW) datasets. Values are grounded in the D-Central Bible and manufacturer specs; where a manufacturer does not publish a figure the cell is left blank rather than estimated.
Thermal limits vary by firmware, which sensor is read (chip/junction vs board vs intake air), board revision and tuning. Treat these as reference values, confirm against your own miner's telemetry and the manufacturer spec, and keep intake air well below the throttle point for headroom.
How to read this: temperatures are in °C. Max chip is the silicon/junction limit; intake is the recommended inlet-air range; throttle is where firmware de-rates hashrate; shutdown is the over-temp protection cut-off. Blank means the manufacturer does not publish that figure — we do not estimate it.
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| Model | Chip | Max chip °C | Intake °C | Throttle °C | Shutdown °C | Rec. ambient °C | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antminer S9 | BM1387 | 135 | 0-40 | — | 90 | 15-35 | Intake-air operating spec. shutdown value = PCB/board-sensor over-temp protection (built-in auto-shutdown). Chip max ~135 C is the S9/T9 chip-generation rating, not a per-unit guarantee. Sweet spot ~25 C.Bitmain S9 spec; Zeus Mining normal-operating-temp |
| Antminer S17 / S17 Pro | BM1393 / BM1397 | — | 5-45 | — | 75 | 15-35 | S17-series 7nm. shutdown = PCB/board-sensor over-temp protection. Chip junction max not published.asicminervalue (S17 Pro); Zeus Mining + D-Central operating-temp |
| Antminer S19 | BM1398 | — | 0-40 | — | 80 | 15-35 | Intake-air spec. shutdown = PCB/board-sensor over-temp protection. Chip junction max not published.Bitmain S19 spec; Zeus Mining + D-Central operating-temp |
| Antminer S19 Pro | BM1398 | — | 0-40 | — | 80 | 15-35 | Intake-air spec. shutdown = PCB/board-sensor over-temp protection. Chip junction max not published.Bitmain S19 spec; Zeus Mining + D-Central operating-temp |
| Antminer S19j Pro | BM1398 | — | 5-35 | — | 85 | 15-35 | shutdown = PCB/board-sensor over-temp protection (~85 C). Intake range varies by source: spec sheets list 5-35 C; Bitmain's general Antminer range is 0-40 C. Chip junction max not published.asicminervalue (S19j Pro); Zeus Mining normal-operating-temp |
| Antminer S19 XP | BM1366 | — | 0-40 | — | 75 | 15-35 | Stock firmware halts with 'over max temp' when the outlet-air sensor reaches ~75 C; PCB-sensor protection limit is also 75 C. Max operating temp derates 1 C per 300 m above 900 m altitude.Bitmain S19 XP manual; Zeus Mining normal-operating-temp |
| Antminer S21 | BM1368 | — | 5-40 | — | — | 15-35 | Intake-air operating range. PCB-max over-temp protection value not in consulted sources (S21 not listed in the Antminer normal-temp tables). Stock firmware uses an outlet-air over-temp halt; exact per-model threshold not confirmed. Altitude-derated.asicminervalue (S21) |
| Antminer S21 Pro | BM1370 | — | 5-45 | — | — | 15-35 | Intake-air operating range. PCB-max protection value not in consulted sources. Stock firmware uses an outlet-air over-temp halt; exact per-model threshold not confirmed. Altitude-derated.asicminervalue (S21 Pro) |
| Antminer S21 XP | BM1370 | — | 0-45 | — | — | 15-35 | Air-cooled. Sources disagree on intake range: Hyd variant is 0-40 C, immersion variant 0-45 C, and one reseller listing cites -20-45 C (likely storage-inclusive); operating upper bound is ~45 C. Altitude-derated. PCB-max protection value not confirmed.Bitmain S21 XP spec (via reseller listings) |
| Antminer S21 Hyd | BM1368 | — | — | — | — | — | Water-cooled: thermal envelope is governed by coolant-loop inlet temperature, not ambient air. Per-model coolant-temp spec not confirmed here (for reference, the related S21 XP Hyd publishes 0-40 C).Bitmain S21 (hydro) |
| Antminer T17 | BM1393 | — | 0-40 | — | 75 | 15-35 | S17/T17 generation. shutdown = PCB-sensor over-temp protection. Intake value shown is Bitmain's general Antminer range (0-40 C); model-specific sheet not separately confirmed.Zeus Mining + D-Central operating-temp |
| Antminer T19 | BM1398 | — | 0-40 | — | 80 | 15-35 | shutdown = PCB-sensor over-temp protection. Max power rated at 40 C / sea level; derates with altitude (1 C per 300 m above 900 m).Bitmain T19 spec; Zeus Mining + D-Central operating-temp |
| Antminer T21 | BM1368 | — | 0-45 | — | — | 15-35 | 0-45 C refers to inlet-air temperature, which can be higher than room ambient. Altitude-derated 1 C per 300 m above 900 m. PCB-max protection value not in consulted sources.Bitmain T21 manual |
| Antminer L3+ | BM1485 | — | 0-40 | — | 90 | 15-35 | Scrypt miner. shutdown = PCB-sensor over-temp protection (~90 C). Chip junction max not published.Bitmain L3+ spec; Zeus Mining normal-operating-temp |
| Antminer L7 | BM1489 | — | 0-40 | — | 80 | 15-35 | Scrypt miner (BM1489 ASIC per Bible). Hash-board working-temp max ~80 C = PCB-sensor over-temp protection. Bitmain recommends ~15-35 C intake; intake shown is the general 0-40 C operating range.Bible SCRYPT_ASIC_CHIPS (BM1489); Zeus Mining normal-operating-temp |
| WhatsMiner M30S | — | — | -5 to 35 | — | — | below 30 | MicroBT in-house ASIC (model not publicly disclosed). Environment-temp spec -5 to 35 C (some variants list -5 to 40 C). De-rates / reduces frequency when outlet air is high and fan exceeds ~6100 rpm rather than at a fixed kill temp. Altitude-derated. Chip/PCB kill temp not published.MicroBT M30S manual; Zeus Mining |
| WhatsMiner M50S | — | — | -5 to 35 | — | — | below 30 | MicroBT in-house ASIC. Published environment-temp varies by source (-5 to 35 / 0 to 40 / 5 to 45 C). Frequency de-rates on high outlet-air / fan speed; no fixed over-temp kill temp published.MicroBT M50 manual; reseller spec sheets |
| WhatsMiner M60S | — | — | -5 to 35 | — | — | below 30 | MicroBT in-house ASIC. M60-series environment-temp spec -5 to 35 C. Outlet-air / fan-speed-based frequency de-rating; no fixed over-temp kill temp published.MicroBT M60 manual |
| Canaan Avalon A1166 Pro | — | — | -5 to 35 | — | — | — | Canaan in-house ASIC. Suitable operation -5 to 35 C. Altitude-derated 1 C per 300 m above 900 m. Throttle / shutdown temps not published.Canaan A1166 Pro spec |
| Canaan Avalon A1246 | — | — | -5 to 35 | — | — | — | Canaan in-house ASIC. Recommended operation -5 to 35 C. Altitude-derated. Throttle / shutdown temps not published.Canaan A1246 spec |
| Canaan Avalon A14 / A15-class (A1466 / A1566) | — | — | -5 to 35 | — | — | — | Canaan A14 (A1466) and A15 (A1566) series share an operation range of -5 to 35 C. In-house ASIC. Throttle / shutdown temps not published.Canaan A1466 / A1566 spec |
| Bitaxe (Gamma) | BM1370 | — | — | — | ~75 | — | Open-source single-ASIC board (Gamma = BM1370; Supra = BM1368; Ultra = BM1366). Open-source ESP-Miner firmware applies a chip-die over-temp cutoff (~75 C -> hold reset / drop core voltage; recovers when cooled, roughly <45 C) rather than a graduated throttle. No manufacturer ambient spec (open-frame; run at room temperature, cooler is better).Bible HASHBOARD_DIAGNOSTICS; ESP-Miner (open source) |
Grounded in the D-Central Bitcoin Mining Hack Bible (HASHBOARD_DIAGNOSTICS) and manufacturer operating-temperature specs. New to thermal management? Read the companion ASIC operating-temperature guide, size your airflow with the ventilation calculator, and see the open data hub.
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Last reviewed June 27, 2026.